Analysis of an American Trial: The Salem Witch Trials :: American America History

Analysis of an American Trial The Salem siren TrialsThe Salem Witch Trials all began on January 20, 1692, with nine-year-old Elizabeth Betty Parris and eleven-year-old Abigail Williams, daughter and niece of the village reverend Samuel Parris, beginning to exhibit strange behavior, such as blasphemous screaming, convulsive seizures, trance- bid states and mysterious spells. Within a short period of time, several other Salem girls began to illustrate similar behavior physicians resolved that the girls were under the control of Satan. Reverend Parris conducted prayer services and unrestricted fasting in hopes of relieving the evil forces that tormented them. In an effort to expose the enchantress, one man baked a witch cake make with rye bran and the urine of the ill girls. This counter-magic was meant to reveal the identities of the witched to the ailing girls. Pressured to identify the cause of their misfortune, the girls named three women, including Tituba, Samuel Parris slave, as witches. On February 29, warrants were dispatched for the arrests of Tituba, Sarah Good, and Sarah Osborne. Although Osborne and Good sustained guiltlessness, Tituba confessed to seeing Lucifer, who appeared to her sometimes like a hog and sometimes like a great dog. Whats more, Tituba certified that there was a collaboration of witches at work in Salem. On work on 1, Magistrates John Hathorne and Jonathon Corwin investigated the three women in the courthouse in Salem Village. Tituba confessed to pursuing black magic. Over the next few weeks, other villagers came forward and testified that they too had been traumatized by or had seen strange phantoms of some of the village members. As the witch-hunting prolonged, charges were made toward many different people. Frequently unmasked were women whose behavior was somehow disturbing to the social order and formalities of the time. some of the accused had records of unlawful pastimes, including witchery, but others were faithful church goers and people of high status in the society. From Mid-March to early April, Martha Corey, Rebecca Nurse, Elizabeth Proctor, and Sarah Cloyce were accused of witchcraft. Soon after Corey, Nurse, and Proctor were examined before Magistrates Hathorne, Corwin, substitute Governor Thomas Danforth, and Captain Samuel Sewall. During this analysis, John Proctor was also jailed. Then Abigail Hobbs, Bridget Bishop, Giles Corey and Mary Warren were taken into account. The only one to confess was Hobbs. On April 22, Nehemiah Abbot, William and delivery Hobbs, Edward and Sara Bishop, Mary Easty, Mary Black, Sarah Wildes, and Mary English were examined before Hathorne and Corwin.

Skydiving Essay -- Extreme Sports Skydive essays research papers

Why do we skydive?Skydiving has been around since past Chinese times as a form of aerial stunts. Leonardo da Vinci and the Chinese are both credited for creating the parachute, but it was really in the 18th century when France both created it and used it by basically throwing themselves out of planes. Little did anyone know that skydiving would be one of the craziest sports today. Jumping out of a plane two and a half miles up into the sky would not be someones idea of a normal day. As insalubrious as two and a half miles up in the sky is, try doing it traveling at a rate of one-hundred and sixty miles per hour with in force(p) a parachute to save you. To many people this would be a nightmare but to some of us, it is the biggest thrill of our lives. Many people will present and tell me that I am around the bend for jumping out of a plane. I would just sit and tell them a quote I comprehend before I did my jump. Skydivers know why the birds sing. The experience doesnt feel wor ry youre falling out of a plane, yet more like you are flying. Once you pull the parachute, the result is the most calming feeling. Words cannot even express it. You are totally relaxed and inspired after that chute is pulled. other reason why someone would jump out of a plane is that it actually is a stress reliever. You can still call divers crazy but once you are up in the air flying, you are going to be stress free. The dive inspires such a complete focusing of attention that all other worries, aggravatio...

Fast PLants :: essays research papers

How Tall can Your Fast Plant Grow?Procedure During the profligate plant life cycle many things were taken into account. The plants all started out as a seed. Data was collected every Tuesday and Thursday after class. The kind-hearted of quantitative data that was collected was the height of each plant on the days that we would go in and check them. The qualitative data that was collected was our drawings of the plants. We were suitable to add details to the pictures. The purpose of this experiment was to be able to view the complete life cycle of an organism. All of the plants that we used in the experiments were F2s . abridgment The germination took place within the firstborn 3 days of planting the seeds. It was noticed that in the time frame of the 3rd and 5th day the cotyledons became visible. The first true leaves made their appearance right nigh the 10th day. The days surrounding the 13th day lead to flower buds actually forming and showing up. The plants were starting t ime to dispirit flimsy so on day 17 we added stakes to support the young plants. Our first flowers started to bloom around the 27th day. They were yellow and petite. pollenation took place a day later. We cut the wings and heads off of the bee and glued it to a toothpick. We then gently brushed the bee over the flowers to help the pollination procedure. afterward all of the pollination was done, seed pods started to develop 30 days after the initial planting. The plants stayed healthy for a couple more days after this. It was around day 36 that the plants started drying up and dying. It was time for the plants to be harvested for their seeds they had produced. While working with our plant it was exciting to look around and see how other plants were coming along. I like to think that our plants were in the top percentile of successful plants. They grew up fast and tall while others seem to take a while to get the same height. Weekly growth seemed to be exceptional. It seemed like e very Tuesday that I came in to check my plants they had grown so much over the weekend. Some cause the plants would grow as much as 4 centimeters just over the weekend. Of the four plants that we had remaining at the end of the experiment, two were hairy.

Educating Rita :: English Literature

Educating Rita.In the play Educating Rita by Willy Russell we are lead to believethat in the first few scenes Rita and Frank render nothing in common. Weassume this on a few small things like the way Rita negotiation. She is avery out going character who talks like a commoner. youd better getthat bleadin handle fixed. She hair dresses in a shop and is nothappy with the position she is in. She does not engender a lot interest inhair dressing and it does not feel that it is good enough for her. Shecould do much better. Frank on the other hand is a lecturer at theOpen University. He has a bad alcohol problem and only works there toget money for the booze. From what we gather he is not a very goodlecturer and is not really all that interested in the job, just themoney. He talks not in a posh accent but a smart middle class. Ritaperceives her job as a working class hairdresser to be a job that onlythe lowest of the lowest would do. It is an unsatisfactory job thatdoes not for fill her dream of being a middle class woman. She has thepotential to go for what it is that she wants and luckily she knowsyou to motivate her self to do so. Neither frank nor Rita is reallyinterested in there jobs. They both just do it for the money. This iswhen we learn that they do have something and common they share thesame out looks of there jobs.At the beginning of the play we hear frank talking-to his girlfriendJulia on the phone. She is complaining that he will not be home intime for diner and he is complaining that he wants to go down the pub.This is when we realise that frank is in an unstable relationship withhis girlfriend. Due to Ritas nosey personality we find out that Frankwas one married but has split up from his wife. When Rita asks why hecomments it was because of literature. When really it was because ofhis drinking problem, if he is not careful the same thing will happento him again. Rita finds out that frank use to write meter and thisis why him and his wife split up (or so frank says) Rita then realisesthat she and frank have another thing in common they both have rockyrelationships. Unfortunately Ritas husband Denny has other ideasabout what Rita should do with her life.

Imperialism and Existential Freedom in Works Such as Joseph Conrad’s He

When people think of the concept of imperialism, they usually view it as something that pertains to government. Even the outgrowth definition of imperialism in the dictionary is imperial state, authority, spirit, or system of government (Webster 729). However, imperialism encompasses so much more than this. In comparing the resonations between Joseph Conrads essence of Darkness with Johann Goethes Faust, one apprize see how imperialism affects the political, the social, the mental, and the spiritual, especially within the past 200 years. Stemming from this is mans existential freedom, his mechanical and lifeless humans in society, explored in Fyodor Dostoevskys The Grand Inquisitor and Herman Melvilles Bartleby the Scrivener. Heart of Darkness shows imperialism in more of a physical and psychological perspective. The main character Marlow, in his beliefs, shows a positive side to imperialism. Marlow does openly admit that he does non belong as an invader to this land that is no t his however, he also says that he will try to help these people, the antithesis of most, if not all, of his comrades. Concerning these imperialistic invasions, he says, The conquest of the earth, which mostly means the taking it away from those who put one across a different complexion or slightly flatter noses than ourselves, is not a pretty thing when you look into it too much. What redeems it is the ideanot a sentimental pretence but an ideasomething you can set up, and bow down before, and offer a sacrifice to (Conrad 64). Marlow is driven by morality and is fit to see what is right and wrong he is not blinded to the truth. The truth that these civilized men are destroying countless numbers of people so that they can worship th... ...fected by this, though it is the entire world. The majority of people believe only as they are told to believe. Much like in Bartleby the Scrivener, there is no civil disobedience they do not question the morality of anything. They walk through their existential life completely blind and oblivious to what is happening round them.Two very defining characteristics of the societies present around the world, both past and present, are those of imperialism and existentialism. Whether it be as broad as a government or as small as a person, there is an overwhelming presence of power hunger and greed and complete disregard for those who may be in the way. So too is the seemingly mindless existence which people live life with. What the world strongly needs now is people who actually contain a soul a soul that makes a human a human. Sadly, this is very much lacking.

Imperialism and Existential Freedom in Works Such as Joseph Conrad’s He

When people think of the concept of imperialism, they usually view it as something that pertains to government. Even the for the first time definition of imperialism in the dictionary is imperial state, authority, spirit, or system of government (Webster 729). However, imperialism encompasses so much more than this. In comparing the resonations between Joseph Conrads fondness of Darkness with Johann Goethes Faust, one hindquarters see how imperialism affects the political, the social, the mental, and the spiritual, especially within the past 200 years. Stemming from this is mans existential freedom, his mechanical and lifeless population in society, explored in Fyodor Dostoevskys The Grand Inquisitor and Herman Melvilles Bartleby the Scrivener. Heart of Darkness shows imperialism in more of a physical and psychological perspective. The main character Marlow, in his beliefs, shows a positive side to imperialism. Marlow does openly admit that he does non belong as an invader to t his land that is not his however, he also says that he will try to help these people, the antithesis of most, if not all, of his comrades. Concerning these imperialistic invasions, he says, The conquest of the earth, which mostly means the taking it away from those who pay back a different complexion or slightly flatter noses than ourselves, is not a pretty thing when you look into it too much. What redeems it is the ideanot a sentimental pretence but an ideasomething you can set up, and bow down before, and offer a sacrifice to (Conrad 64). Marlow is driven by morality and is fit to see what is right and wrong he is not blinded to the truth. The truth that these civilized men are destroying countless numbers of people so that they can worship th... ...fected by this, though it is the entire world. The majority of people believe only as they are told to believe. Much like in Bartleby the Scrivener, there is no civil disobedience they do not question the morality of anything. They walk through their existential life completely blind and oblivious to what is happening well-nigh them.Two very defining characteristics of the societies present around the world, both past and present, are those of imperialism and existentialism. Whether it be as broad as a government or as small as a person, there is an overwhelming presence of power hunger and greed and complete disregard for those who may be in the way. So too is the seemingly mindless existence which people live life with. What the world strongly needs now is people who actually contain a soul a soul that makes a human a human. Sadly, this is very much lacking.

New Yorker

Response distill Lepers The Prism Mr.. The violation of anes privacy and assorted events that devour fire within history that regurgitate a violation of privacy is the theme surrounding this oblige. In addition to this the term Is centered around the Idea that as Individuals are defending their privacy more and more methods are being developed to try and invade that privacy, especially more so in this upstart-day day and age because technologies are being developed that were unprecedented hundreds of years ago.Another theme expressed in the article is the inclination that American culture at gratuity can e viewed as a paradox because many individuals love being seen and hidden at the same time, that the solo thing that Is loved more than privacy Is publicity. Lastly, two big events that occurred and are topically occurring that reiterate a violation of privacy are the incidents with Giuseppe Amazing, an Italian exile in London in 1844, who had his mall take on by the B ritish g e realplacenment without his consent and the N. S. A. Collecting data online for years by tapping directly into the central servers of nine leading U.S. net companies. Personally. I believe this article Is quite Interesting and entertaining and Is tryingly takeed with reliable sources and anecdotes. The author uses a certain literary prose and Biblical references in an fire to c cageyure the audience and the author also structures the article In an effective expression. For example, the article began with an anecdote active both(prenominal)thing not very well-known precisely hence connects it with the N. S. A. And the current Obama Administration in order to improve our pick uping of the event. This article relates to U.S. History because It Incorporates the Obama Administration as previously menti unmatchedd and at the same time it refers to in the first place American history. For example the article speaks of Almagest v. United States in 1928 In which the cour t considered the cons dumbbellutionality of wiretapping. Eventually Almagest was convicted but after serving ternion years hard labor was pardoned by Franklin Roosevelt in 1935. Clearly, this article has different aspects of the long history of the united States which Is one of the reasons It is much(prenominal)(prenominal) an Interesting. Capturing article.Response to Jane Meyers A Word from Our Sponsor A documentary snapmaker, Alex Gibing, created a film called Park Avenue Money, Power, and the American Dream which was centered on the growing economic inequality in America. Gibing uses the contrasting vogues of the individuals living in the more or less expensive apartment buildings in Manhattan on 740 Park Avenue and those of the underprivileged people living In the Bronx as a case study. However by doing this Gibing puts David Koch, a billionaire industrialist who resides in 740 Park Avenue, under heavy scrutiny.This caused problems because the film was set to air on publi c broadcasting entitles such as PBS, WENT, HIGH, and TIPS and Koch was a donor to all these companies and he was also a trustee of both WENT and HIGH. Many of the head executives of each of the companies were not sure if they should to the many problems that came about Koch decided to repudiate from WENT on May 16 as he felt he was not supported as well as he should have been by the media organization he gave so much to.I believe this article is interesting and is applicable to young students all the way up to adults because it provides an insight into not only the growing economic inequality within American society but also the way in which the possession of money translates to power. The author does a practised Job of presenting the information in the article because she gives different accounts to add more detail into the theme of the article which surrounded David Koch. The article relates to U. S. Story in different ways one of them being that the growing economic disparity in America is highlighted. In addition the article states that the Kochs were funding much of the opposition to death chair Barack Obama by organizing a compilation of advocacy groups. Also, it talks about how federal funding for public broadcasting has been dwindling and the governments contribution only makes up a small percent of public broadcasting funds. As one can see this article recognises with many current problems within the U. S. Which heavily center on money and its possession. Response to Jill Lepers The Force The article is centered around the topic of the amount of money the United States spends on soldiers defense and whether it is undeniable or not. Another essential aspect surrounding the article is the event that individuals at the head of Congress that control military actions should not be in such positions of power because of the fact that many of them have never experienced active duty in the military and thus o not understand the troubles one faces durin g war.Also the article speaks of how the ideals of the United States military seem to be ever-changing with the progression of time. Currently it seems that many Americans view the strength of the nation as stemming from the strength of the military and that many individuals in Congress believe in the destiny that the United States needs to rule the world. Ultimately the idea that the United States military force requires some sort of limitations and perhaps needs to revert back to its original ideas of not having a standing army is the entrant themes surrounding the article.I believe this article is entrance because it presents information that truly affects the lives of us as Americans every day. The author does a fairly good Job of organizing the article in such a way that captures the reader because she shows the changing entity of the U. S. Military from early in American history to the present day as we wage in the Afghanistan War. The author supports her assertion of the cha nging American military by using different first-hand accounts from anti-war veterans and former death chair Eisenhower. Clearly the article relates to U. S. Story as the article is predominantly centered on the U. S. Military and the amount of revenue and problems that have been faced by the military. Ultimately, I found it quite interesting that the author mentioned that many Congressional hearings have short(p) attendance because many individuals that are a part of Congress do not find every hearing important. This came as a shock to me because I was under the assumption that regardless of the hearing there no doubt had to be a great number of people attending because they all in one way or another impact the status of the intrigued.Response to Keeled Saneness Paint Bombs This article is focused around the idea of anarchism and about a particular individual, David Grabber, who supports it. He was a part of the Occupy Movement that occurred on Wall Street and many individuals we re struggling against the local government and police because they did not believe in the idea of a single governing body ceasing the majority of the power. Grabber states that if a new society were to be created that people would have the might to have a wider range of options.A big topic of discussion surrounding this article was the idea that as the government egging to expand it is even more necessary to try and shrink it. At the same time the article explains that as the state/government grows it may be easier to imagine that one could live without the support of the government since the amount of direct help one would receive would dwindle. In addition the article speaks of how Anarchism may be on the rise in todays modern world because of the fall of so many institutionalized governments, which is an interesting point.I believe this article is interesting especially because I was never really exposed to the ideas or history of Anarchism. I believe the author did a good Job o f presenting the information and making his/her point felt to the audience. For example, the author focuses in on one particular individual whom practices Anarchism and gives accounts of his life while at the same time giving accounts of other individuals that support his ideas. This relates to U. S. Story in different ways such as when the author mentions that Anarchism has been on the rise in America because of the fall of the Soviet Union. In addition the author also mentions that current President Obama had to present his health-care reforms as an opportunity to reduce federal gadget which has not worked out as planned. Also Grabber credits the Occupy Movement with preventing Mitt Rooney from becoming President and perhaps if Rooney would have been choose President America may be a different place as we speak.Response to Jill Lepers The Commandments This article focuses on the American opus and the way in which it is open for a great deal of interpretation by Americans and the fact that different people vary quite a take on the way in which they decide to interpret the laws that lie within the Constitution. Perhaps one of the reasons that the Constitution is up for such a retreat deal of interpretation stems from the fact that it has its many faults as Benjamin Franklin pointed out when the Constitution was being originally drafted.In addition, the article focuses around the fact that very few Americans have actually took the time to read the hale Constitution and this proves to be a downfall. If we, as Americans, were familiar with what the Constitution outlined thus we would be more apt to demand that our representatives in government abide by it. Also the article mentions that Originations argue that originals is the only legitimate way of Constitutional interpretation. In this manner elected representatives pass laws and the courts protect the leave of the people by making sure those laws abide by the Constitution as originally drafted.Ultimately the Constitution may not be perfect but nonetheless it is every Americans rule of law. I believe this article is interesting and informational, however the author could have done a better Job of presenting the information in a way that captured the supporting evidence for the claims she made such as when she said few Americans have read the Constitution and she goes on and gives the statistic that 72 percent of bout a thousand people questioned had never read all forty-four hundred words of the Constitution.Clearly the article is centered on the fore mien of American history and how throughout time many Americans have failed to cherish and appreciate their own Constitution as they have not taken the time to truly understand it. Ultimately, this article focused on the way in which America has evolved and progressed throughout time due to the structural foundation laid by the Constitution and to some Americas progression is not as ideal as could be but nonetheless something that has to be recognised by Americans. Response to Seymour M.Herbs Last Stand This article focuses on the Bush Administration and the way in which it went about handling the predicament in Iran as they began to enrich Uranium which can ultimately lead to the development of nu overstep bombs. The Bush Administration attempted to make peace talks with Iran assuming that they halted their enrichment exercise because they feared that Iran would accumulate nuclear powers and use it to cause devastating effects onto the U. S. Military. The Bush Administration was contemplating whether to engage on an attack onto Iran so that they would not attack the U.S. forever and a day it was predicted that the war would spread even more as a result. Another topic discussed in the article is the fear of angering Iran which perhaps could lead to them cutting cancelled the oil supply to the United States. In addition the article speaks of how the state of Israel was in great fear because of rumors that Iran had nuclear bombs at their disposal and so Israel shed out to the United States for assistance and protection. However the blank space was difficult as a failed attack on Iran by the United States would lead to a concourse of problems.I believe this article is intriguing because of the fact that it is centered on such a regale topic that could potentially cause grave danger to the whole world and for that reason alone it captured me from the outset. The author does a good Job of structuring the article by giving the details and ideas surrounding the Bush Administration and then at the same time giving the different opinions of high- ranking military officials and intelligence officers that was closely tied to the manner.In addition I liked how the author interconnected the state of Israel and where it stood in regard to Iran as a neighboring democracy. This relates to U. S. History because the policies of a former U. S. President are mentioned and the way in which those polici es affected the country is discussed. A large scope was put on the United States foreign policy of diplomatic relations. Response to George Packers The Choice This article focuses on the presidential candidates of the 2008 Presidential Election which were Hilary Clinton and Barack Obama.This article analyzes the different ideas and goals each candidate held such as the fact that Clinton took on more of an executive role whereas Obama took on more of a surveyary role in which he believes that Americans can restore their faith in government. The personal autobiography it is revealed that he beatd with finding his own identity but that he solved them and as a result is comfortable with himself and the complexities of the world.However in Silicons autobiography it was seen that she always seemed to have something to hide as if she does not trust anyone to understand her personal struggles. At the same time there were many people who supported Clinton because they believed she was more committed to using power for social motley and she pass on march ahead and let those who want to follow her follow her. Obama was supported y many as well as he looked to implement his vision of change with every American following him to achieve change.Ultimately there are those who say that in order to have won the Presidency Clinton would have had to change her own tactics and engage in more off leader position. I believe this article is interesting to say the least because it gave me a clear insight into how the Presidential campaign for the 2008 Election was structured and how it swayed the opinions of Americans. I am not very well-versed semipolitically however after reading this article I became more aware of the political make-up of American politics.In addition I believe the author did a decent Job of keeping the reader tenanted because he did not solely focus on one Presidential candidate for a long period of time, but rather gave details about both candidates at the same time in order to more effectively show their differences. This strongly relates to U. S. History because it shows how American politics work and the way in which politicians try to gain votes and supporters. Also we are introduced to the reasons behind why the 2008 Presidential Election ended the way it did and perhaps if it would have ended tit Hilary Clinton as U.S. President we could be living in a different America. However that what if question can never really be answered and the election of Obama as President adds on to the long legacy of American history. Response to Seymour M. Herbs Torture at ABA Grail This article explores the torture that Iraqi prisoners faced at the pass of American soldiers in ABA Grabs. Major General Antonio M. Taught reported the devastating wrongdoings of American soldiers on Iraqi prisoners and there was compelling evidence such as pictorial photographic regards.Images show that Iraqi inmates had to endure humiliating poses and engage in hu miliating acts such as men being naked in front of other men which are especially looked down upon in Islamic law. These abuses became public because specialist Joseph M. Dairy was outraged and demanded that the soldiers that engaged in such brutish acts should have been punished accordingly. In addition the soldiers that did treat the inmates cruelly stated in their defense that they were given orders by the military intelligence to treat them in that manner so that they could get information out of them.Regardless this situation examined in the article has caused enormous consequences for the imprisoned Iraqis and for the perception of the United States and its Army. I believe this article is perhaps one of the most interesting and mind-boggling articles I have ever read. I would have never believed that American soldiers would engage in such acts of violence and cruelty against a group of people that were basically innocent.I was disappointed in a sense to know that I am an Amer ican and purport we Americans should protect the underprivileged and not euthanize them and make their situation worse than what it is. But I believe the author did a good Job of presenting the information by giving accounts from different officials that were closely tied to the situation. I appreciate the detail the author gave when describing what the soldiers were doing to the Iraqi prisoners because it allows the reader to get a better understanding of what exactly they had to experience.This article is related to U. S. History because it speaks of how American soldiers treated a certain group of people and the way in which it left a negative image onto America and its history. Response to Jill Lepers Benched This article is centered on the autocratic Court and its process of discriminative review. Also mentioned in the article is the idea that what the people moot about the Judicial review stems from what they think of how the Supreme Court is composed. For example, if the Court is liberal-based then it follows that liberals see the Judicial review as good.If the Court is conservative-based then conservatives will thus see the Judicial review as a positive thing. In addition, the idea that Judicial review is part of a larger struggle for the Judicial branch to be free from the constraint of the other trotter branches of government and be free from commercial interests (money) was expressed. For example many state Judges, 90 percent of them, run for office and as a result spending on Judicial campaigns has greatly increased with the progression of time.Also the article mentions that many problems rally within a democracy when the citizens of that democracy believe that the laws that make up the framework of their country are being bought and sold as is the problem at times within the United States. Ultimately that is one of the big problems being faced by the Supreme Court, he idea of money taking over the constitutional framework. I believe this arti cle was very informative and beneficial to read because it gave me more knowledge about something I did not know very much about.I found it interesting to find out that some founding fathers of the United States viewed the judicial branch as a weak almost visionary branch of government. For example in the article there is a quote from Alexander Hamilton in which he says, The Judiciary is beyond comparison the weakest of the three departments of powers Of the three powers the Judiciary is next to nothing. The author did a good Job of connecting older ideologies of American history with newer evolving concepts surrounding American history and more specifically the Supreme Court and Judicial branch.This clearly relates to American history because the article is centered on the Supreme Court and its composition and its relation to Judicial review and whether that Judicial review is deemed acceptable by the citizens or not. Response to Steve Coals Remote Control One of the topics discus sed in this article is the fact that former President Eisenhower agreed with the idea of penalise or overthrowing undesirable foreign traders because as he saw it political assassinations were a good alternative to military action.However it seemed as if Eisenhower method of executing political assassinations were not seen as effective as time went on so the presidents that followed put bans on political assassinations. The tide turned after kinfolk 1 1, 2001 when the Pentagon was bombed and President George W. Bush agreed to kill and currently the Obama Administration still utilizes it against suspected foreign threats. However the use of drones may in fact be leading to more problems than lotions because political relations between the United States and Pakistan, which has a growing nuclear arsenal, have collapsed because of the use of drones.Ultimately the question that has yet to be answered is, Does America truly understand the repercussions of using drones to attack foreign nations? I thought this article was quite interesting because it opened my eye to a situation I was not very well aware of. I never knew that the Obama Administration used drones on foreign threats and even more so I was not aware that President Eisenhower agreed with the idea of political assassinations. The author did a good bob of organizing the information into a condensed paper while at the same time still conveying his message to the reader.I found it interesting how the author linked the Obama Administration using drones to former President Eisenhower policy of political assassinations the idea that the reason the Obama Administration decided to use drones came from the ideals of Eisenhower. This clearly relates to U. S. History as the article analyzed the ideas of a former U. S. President and the ideas of a current U. S. President and the way in which those ideas have affected the United States foreign relations today.

R.L Stevenson shows many opposites in the strange case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Essay

In the book Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde the two main characters be complete opposites. Dr Jekyll is a kind person however when he changes into Mr Hyde his attitude changes into a nasty, cruel person. R.L Stevenson carries on the opposites through the book keeping the readers guessing.The two doors to Jekylls house seem to be complete opposites. One is shabby and in a juicy corner of a building which is described as a sinister block. By saying it showed no window suggests that its dark and secrecy by chance they have something to hide.The wall is described as discoloured and suffering negligence lack of care and maintenance making it sound unattractive.On the door, the fact that there is no knocker or bell gives an unwelcoming feel and being described as blistered and distained would also make it appear uninviting.However the street, which the door lies on, is a contrast to what has nevertheless been described. The buildings in the street are described as freshly painted shutters and well polished brasses making the whole street sound like it has an telephone circuit of general cleanliness.In the First chapter, also The Story of the door there is another opposite. This is between Mr Hyde and the young girl. It says one little man .. stumping along at a good walk and a girl of maybe eight or ten .. running as hard as she was suitable this is opposing because there are two different genders, ages and paces.In the chapter Dr. Jekyll was sort of at ease R.L Stevenson describes another opposite with Mr Utterson and the other people that had been to Dr Jekylls dinner. In the mans rich silence, after the expense and the strain of gaiety. This tells us that Mr Utterson is happy to be placid, as the other guests that have left were quite loud and talked to him a lot.Also in this chapter and the following chapter, another opposite is the reaction and personality of Dr Jekyll. Speaking with Utterson, Dr Jekyll is put across as every mark of capacitance and kindness, which makes him warm and loving, then in the incident of the letter he is rather shifty and reacts differently to Utterson that he did before.In the Search for Mr Hyde there are two different characters in contrast, Dr Lanyon and Mr Utterson. For example it says received his crowding patients referring to Dr Lanyon. This puts across to the reader that Dr Lanyon is a very open, friendly person, where as, as we can tell from the Dr Jekyll was quite at ease chapter Mr Utterson is different, he is much quieter and would prefer to be on his own.Another opposite that R.L Stevenson puts in the book is in the chapter The Carew murder case. At the beginning of the chapter the setting is peaceful. The details were few and startling this portrays that it was a very still, open night with only beautiful features. It describes a maid looking forth of her window into the pretty night. Her views on the night were very optimistic and loving. She was romantically given by saying this it puts acro ss to the reader that the night is quiet which would make it easy to think and by saying romantically given puts across that she has romantic view on life.The scene then changes drastically. Before the night was calm but all of a sudden it transforms, much like the transformation of Dr Jekyll to Mr Hyde.The night turns dark when Mr Hyde enters the scene. It was like a presence of evil had take after into the lane. The horror of these sights and sounds this describes what the maid saw Mr Hyde doing to the old man.R.L Stevenson shows many opposites in the strange case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. These help to keep the reader thinking and to surprise the reader.

Healthsouth Fraud Essay

An obstacle to Aaron Beams moral behavior is when he locomote some of the businesses start up costs as expenses and list them as capital investments, which inflates the phoner profit margins. Beam initially did this because of the pressure from Scrushy to make the company appear more profitable. Then the cycle continues. The way I understand the meaning of the loyal agents argument is that you do what you are instructed to do by your employer regardless. However, I do not believe Aaron Bean could or should prepare used the loyal agents argument to defend his actions.The and way possible would have been because his boss, Scrushy pressured him into cooking the books so to speak. Based on our text, Beam knew he was stretching the truth because he continued to believe that the investors had to have some kind of knowledge of what he was doing. According to my understanding of the 3 levels of Kohlbergs moral development, I would place Beam in Level devil Stage Three Interpersonal Conc ordance Orientation, based on how he conforms to how Scrushy expects him to act.It is important for a person in this stage to feel well desire and I believe Beam needed that validation I found identifying a stage for Scrushy to be more difficult. Based on the information I would pick Level One Stage Two Instrumental and Relative Orientation primarily because Scrushy ultimately gets what he wants. He will use the organisation or manipulate people to fulfill his own needs.

Reflective Essay Essay

This essay aims to critically review my strengths and weaknesses as a self-regulated learner, in sexual relation to trace skills which demonstrate my ability to use reflective dedicate. Also, the essay lead identify and implement the acquire skills required to complete the staffs in Year 2 of the programme. It pass on produce and make use of individual information plans that reflect how I could remediate upon my interpersonal skills and implement a personal machinatement plan. Furthermore, a demonstration of application of light upon skills together with learning and interpersonal skills in a variety of settings will be made.The framework this reflective essay will follow has been adapted from the work of Borton (1970) R to each unmatchable, Teach and Touch along with Boud et al (1985) Turning Experience into Learning. A reflective essay is a piece of physical composition that basically involves your views and feelings about a particular subject. The goal of a reflective essay is to not only discuss what you learned, but to convey the personal experiences and findings that give up exited, Spinello (2012). However in order to critically evaluate and reflect the individual, must become a self-regulated learner.Students who are self-regulated learners collaborate with other students in exchanging ideas, eliciting assistance when needed, and providing nominate to their peers. They see the connection surrounded by their efforts and learning success, Trejos (2010). Zimmerman (2000) points out that, self-regulation is not a mental ability or an academic performance skill rather it is the self-directive wreak by which learners transform their mental abilities into academic skills.These learners will monitor their behaviors in terms of their goals and self-reflect in order to increase their effectiveness. Self-regulation is important because a major component part of education is the development of life-long learning skills, Zimmerman (2002, p. 66). I n relation to the following key skills of, intercourse, numeracy, use of information technology, learning to learn and working with others, I baffle been adequate to identify my strengths and weaknesses.One of the areas in which I considered to be competent in was written communication, as I couldexpress myself more openly and creatively, this has been evident by the use blackboard discussions, emails and academic writing. Linked to this, my IT skills are also one of my biggest strengths, as I am adequate to(p) to utilize these skills to support and further develop communication, interpersonal and academic skills. My empathetic listening skill enables me to gain mutual understanding and supports me to work with others, where new knowledge and experience can be exchanged, which bring to my ongoing learning.On the other hand, the identified areas that I need improvement in are my confidence in verbal communication, although one to one communication is not a problem, but communica ting and presenting to larger groups is where I feel nervous. Building up confidence in this area is vital, as it is a key component of nursing practice, to ensure effective communication between patients, team members and multidisciplinary teams. From year one of the nursing programme to year two I have seen an improvement in my general maths skill, however I required further practice in this area, which will supported me to pass my drugs unhurriedness exam for year 2.Additionally, exam preparation and rewrite techniques were another area which I needed to work on, as a result it facilitated towards preparing me for module 6 immediate and continuing care examination. Last but not least, my academic writing skills which also required to be highly-developed so that I would be able to produce work at level 5 standard, for excess module two examining health and kindly care needs of vulnerable adults and module five understanding evidence-based nursing.Once I identified my strengt hs and weaknesses, I was able to set deuce-ace goals for the academic year and produce an action plan for each goal, which was implemented in a personal development plan. A personal development plan is described as a structured and supported subroutine under taken by an individual to reflect upon their own learning, performance and/or achievement and to plan for their personal, educational and career development, (LMU, 2001). The three chosen goals for year 2 of my nursing programme were specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and timely (S.M. A. R. T).Goal one, was set out to help me become competent in critically appraising evidence and literature, which supports the learning skills of being able to produce academic work at level 5 standards. This goal required gaining understanding and knowledge of critical appraisal, as good as thoroughly comprehending the elements of critical appraisal and correctly identifying and victimization tool, frameworks and guidelines to critica lly appraise evidence and literature.The significance of achieving this goal was to help me complete year 2 modules of understanding evidence-based nursing and examining health and social care needs of vulnerable adults and achieving an overall good grade in both modules. What I broadly purpose was, for the understanding evidence based nursing essay I did not perform well with my critical appraisal, as most of my time was spent on formulating a PICO question and did not have sufficient time to write a powerful essay.However results showed that I gained an overall 55% mark, and comments that were given by the moderator were as follows Critical appraisal You have identified the framework and the article for critical appraisal. In this part you have detailed the research process as reported in the article although you have attempted to analyse the research validity and reliability but they should have been further developed. You should have critically analysed the denary research r igor validity, reliability and generalisability of the study findings supported with relevant literature.So the importance of having constructive feedback is to make sure that I know which areas that I am potent in and which areas that I need to improve for the next essay, in order for me to critically appraise more coherently. As a result of this, for my examining health and social care needs of vulnerable adults module essay which also involved critically appraising three research articles, I have an overall mark of 66%. The moderators comments for analysis and synthesis were that You have made a good revue of the limitations of the studies. And the quality of expression was indicated as generally good. Now I feel more confident in my critical appraisal skills, I believe with further practice I will be able to appraise articles and gain higher marks to help me progress on to year three. Goal two was aimed at preparing and passing module 6 immediate and continuing care unseen examination, based on three patient journeys of diabetes, coronary heart disease and rheumatoid arthritis. This goal was linked to learning skills of exam preparation and revision techniques.Thesteps that were taken in achieving this goal were to create a revision timetable to manage time to use different revision and rehearsal techniques i. e. flow charts, mind-maps, revision cards, rehearsing exam papers in clock condition and having a study buddy. Combined with this, whilst reading literature and gathering information, I collected relevant references to create a reference list for the examination. What I thought was the daunting part of this goal was practicing exam papers in timed condition, as three hours seemed like a long time.What was interesting is that once I had all the suitable materials and information and began to do a timed essay, three hours seemed shorter than expected with continuous practice this helped me to pick up my writing speed and also managing time per ess ay. With the use of mind maps and flow charts I was able to attack information quick and easy, rather than going back to textbooks and online resources. Having prepared in this way prior to the exam made me feel confident and relaxed and I was able to manage my time efficiently.So the significance of preparing ahead is that it helps me to become proactive managing time helps me to prioritise what is important and what needs to be attended in sequence. And using relevant resources is essential for learning success and achievement. Now I feel that I have generally performed well in my exam, as much of what I revised came up and I was prepared. Although time felt like an issue, I was able to use my time productively and efficiently. What I think I could improve for next time, is begin planning and revision sooner and rehearse more timed essay as practice makes perfect.Additionally, what I have learnt throughout this module I will be able to apply to clinical practice, and as an indivi dual be prepared and have the ability to act accordingly when foreseen and unforeseen circumstances arise. Goal three demonstrates my ability to use my existing general mathematics skills with further practise, to pass drugs calculation examination for year 2. For this goal, the steps that were taken in order to achieve the goals were to use Authentic World (SafeMedicate) to revise for the exam, to do online mock exams in timed condition, and revise on general maths skills.What I didnt realise was that the drugs examination was compulsory for every year throughout the nursing degree programme. However, as I had already passed my year one drugs calculation exam with full marks of 90/90, I didnt find year two to be too difficult as it was on three areas from the previous year of tablets & capsules, liquid medication and Injections. I found that accessing authentic world and revising the areas and completing the mock exams were easily within the blow of home.I was able to revise wher e I wanted and when I wanted, support was available from other maths revision sites. So after revising the key areas and doing timed questions, I felt confident in sitting the actual exam. I completed the exam within the time limit, reviewed my questions and answer and received my terminal mark of 90/90 on depression attempt, which I was very pleased with. Now that I have achieved full marks on my first attempt I am able use this knowledge of drug management to aid my drugs administrative skills whilst on second year placement.What I will aim to do for year three drugs calculation exam is to refresh and revise over previous areas, and also read ahead on the additional section that will be added to year three exam. On achievement of these three developmental goal, I have been able to make connection between the learning and interpersonal skills to a variety of settings. From goal one I understand being able to critically appraise in nursing practice means that patients can benefit from the best possible outcome with backup from reliable and valid researches that have been carried out.Thus, as a healthcare professional I am able to gain knowledge to ensure and/or provide effective and dynamic care. From goal two of understanding long-term illness of coronary heart disease, diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis from journeys of simulation patients. I have been able to prepare myself to have knowledge and have the ability to cooperate in a office where I will work with real patients with these types of conditions.Long-term illnesses and conditions affects vast majority of the population and therefore keeping knowledge update is an essential way to conjure health and provide information to others. With support from goal three of safely calculating drug dosages for supporting drug administrative skills, is essential part of suck in training. To ensure that the right patients receive the right dose of the right medication, at the right time, through the right route, as drug errors can be pitch-dark to the outcomes of the patient.In conclusion, this module has helped me to develop from being an independent learner to a self-regulated learner. Where I am able to identify my strengths and weaknesses in relations to key skills and critique my competency and incompetency towards creating goals, and reflect upon the process in achieving these goals. Overall for year two of this programme I have achieved my set goals, and I have developed the ability to use key skills along with learning and interpersonal skills in providing best judgement in different settings.References Borton, T (1970) Reach, Teach and Touch. McGraw Hill, London Boud D, Keogh R & Walker D. (1985) Reflection Turning Experience into Learning. Kogan Page, London. London Metropolitan University (LMU) (2001) Personal development planning (Online) available at www. londonmet. ac. uk/library/z62053_24. doc. Accessed last 11 January 2012 Spinello, S. (2012) what is a reflective essay? (O nline) available at http//www. ehow. com/about_4576779_reflective-essay-paper_. html. Accessed 09 February 2012 Trejos, C. M. A.(2008) Using journals for learners reflection and self-assessment. The internet TESL journal. 14 (10). (Online) available at http//iteslj. org/Techniques/Arciniegas-LearnersJournals. html. Accessed last 10 February 2012 Zimmerman, B. J. (2000). Attainment of self-regulation A social cognitive perspective. In M. Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich, & M. Zeidner (Eds. ), Handbook of self-regulation (pp. 13-39). San Diego, CA AcademicPress. Zimmerman, B. J. (2002). Becoming a self-regulated learner an overview. Theory into practice, 41 (2), p. 64-70.

New Urbanism

school school school school school textual matterbook editionbook intensify text intensify text variety text transmit freshly urbanism bare-assed Urbanism is a intercoursely recent architectural and social design principle to leave its mark text flip-flop text lurch on unify States alliance. more preceding(a) contri barelying factors present in society text veer text channel have lead both(prenominal) Ameri tin cans text veer text channelize to call text multifariousness text careen for the implementation of a novel Urbanism flair of life in recent years.After delimit and text alteration discussing exactly what refreshful Urbanism is, I exit text alter text diversify textchange delve deeper into the causa in an attempt to unc everywhere textchange textchange what this raw(a) movement is a response to. This, in turn, will help to identify some(a) of the problems current suburbs face right away. As defined by scholars, the term New Urbanism refers to an intelle ctual movement of architects and planners that is opposed to the normative growing patterns of our society (Gottdiener and Budd 96).Simply defined, angiotensin-converting enzyme can think of the New Urbanism way of life as a rebellion against the way society has expanded into extensive suburbs. New Urbanists do not like the concept of an political machine based suburbia. They believe that their vicinitys should be small, taking no much time than five legal proceeding to reach the neighborhood warmness textchange textchange from the boundaries of the neighborhood (Gottdiener and Budd 96). In addition, New textchange Urbanists believe that their societies should have a diverse selection of shops, parks, schools, and churches slowly accessible to all (without an automobile) (Gottdiener and Budd 96).New Urbanists want to return to the way cities were textchange before American society was forevermore changed by the invention of the automobile. In order to achieve this objecti ve textchange textchange , sidewalks and public transportation must connect dwellings with businesses, textchange textchange textchange thereby eliminating the need for daily use of the automobile as the essential squiffys of transportation.Now that we textchange textchange textchange have an understanding textchange textchange of exactly what New Urbanism is, it is natural to disbelief what led its azoic adopters in the 1980s to create or look favorably upon its implementation The textchange textchange roots of the New Urbanism movement can be traced back to the period after conception War II and possibly earlier. When the automobile expeditionioned more from an idea textchange to large -scale roduction in the early 1900s, little did anybody know the widespread impact a simple transportation mechanism would have on American society. Life, as it was known then, would never be the same. Before the invention of the automobile, cities in America existed much like the neighborhood communities that textchange the New Urbanism movement hopes to meet back . textchange textchange As the number textchange textchange textchange of automobiles in society life increased, textchange the need for close proximity of necessary businesses and work sticks to the automobile owning family decreased .As Andres Duany and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk stated in their 1993 article regarding New Urbanism, the suburbs and cities of today continue to separate the course integrated human activities of dwelling, working, shopping, schooling, worshiping, and recreating (Duany and Plater-Zyberk 196). The automobile has helped to separate these critical establishments from the American household. The textchange authors infer that the increased importance of the automobile has led to an exponential emerging of the amount of funding for textchange roadwork textchange while the amount of funding for civic programs has been reduced.Civic programs argon crucial to the American society, economy, and environment (Duany and Plater-Zyberk 196). Such a shift towards increased emphasis on funding road textchange textchange work can be seen in the recent Economic Stimulus Bill passed by Congress and the President. Over $130 billion will be spent on the forward motion and building of roads and bridges, which further highlight the relative importance of textchange textchange the automobile in American society.The other principal(prenominal) textchange factor that lead to textchange textchange the birth of textchange textchange the New Urbanism movement is the suburban sprawl that accompanied the end of World War II. conurbation, as defined by M. Gottdiener and Leslie Budd, is the haphazard growth of relative low density over an extended region, with residential units dominated by textchange single-family homes (Gottdiener and Budd 145). Simply stated textchange textchange , sprawl is the exodus of citizens from the urban center into the outlying areas.Sprawl has lead to the cr eation textchange textchange of residential areas without much, if any, planning. This lack of planning ordinarily results in the textchange textchange essential components of a textchange textchange textchange neighborhood beingness located far from the residential areas. Urban textchange textchange sprawl can have a tremendous textchange textchange textchange negative textchange textchange impact on the city neighborhoods that are left female genitals when citizens move to the suburbs. The textchange article entitled From institutional to Jobless Ghettos by William Julius Wilson highlights this key point when referencing a quote from Loic Wacquant, a member of the Urban Poverty and Family Life Study. Wacquant express that residents remember a time, not so long ago, when crowds were so dense at rush hour that one had to elbow ones way to the train station now have the appearance of an empty, bombed-out war zone when referencing the Woodlawn neighborhood in Chicago (Wilson 112 ).This effect is something that the New Urbanism movement is textchange textchange trying to correct. By textchange textchange attempting to counteract the effects of sprawl on society, suburban residential neighborhoods can be planned into New Urbanistic neighborhoods. Many city planners and architects have already attempted to do this. or so of the around known New Urbanistic societies are the towns of Celebration, Florida and Seaside, Florida. textchange textchange It is important to remember that just because architects and planners build a New Urbanistic neighborhood, that doesnt necessarily mean textchange that, the residents of that neighborhood will live in the New Urbanistic way. For example, in Celebration, Florida there has not been an increase in sociability amongst textchange textchange strangers textchange textchange despite the fact that the dwellings have porches (Gottdiener and Budd 97).Gottdiener and Budd then go on to infer that just because you place suburbani tes in a New Urbanistic society, that doesnt mean that the residents will drop their suburban-like tendencies (Gottdiener and Budd 97). New Urbanism is a fairly new ideology that is opposed to the way in which society has grown during the past century. The underlying causes behind the formation of the New Urbanism movement can be traced back to the invention of the automobile and the pattern of urban sprawl that took place in most, if not all, major cities around the country shortly after World War II.New Urbanism strives textchange textchange for a societal efficiency that increases social networks while decreasing the idea textchange textchange of spreading out the neighborhood. Although New Urbanism seeks to address the problems caused by this urban textchange textchange sprawl growth pattern through architecture, it will likely take more than a different architectural design to change the long ingrained textchange textchange mindset of the automobile taken suburban citizen. tex tchange textchange textchange textchange Works Cited Duany, Andres and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk. The Neighborhood, the District, and the Corridor. The City Reader. 4thEd. Richard T. LeGates and Fredric Stout. New York, NY Routledge, 2007. Print. Gottdiener, M. , and Leslie Budd. Key Concepts in Urban Studies. grounds Oaks, CA SAGE Publications Inc, 2005. Print. Wilson, William Julius. From Institutional to Jobless Ghettos. The City Reader. 4th Ed. Richard T. LeGates and Fredric Stout. New York, NY Routledge, 2007. Print.New UrbanismIs New Urbanism echtly important in the ripening of our society or community? This question may come across to each individual who pays attention and concern to the progress of our society. According to a website name Wikipedia, the free cyclopedia it stated that new urbanism is an urban design movement whose popularity increased in the 1980s and early 1990s. Its goal is to bring change in all aspects of square estate development and urban planning.T here are many reasons why new urbanism is significant. According to Jacky Grimshaw on his website, it advocates the importance of new urbanism. It stated that new urbanism is important because it gives real choices for people just like transportation, location where to live and access to opportunity.New urbanist shows support to regional planning for open space, appropriate architecture and planning, and the balanced development of jobs and housing. As we all know that United States was developed in the form of compact, mixed-used neighborhoods in the first quarter of the 20th century. A new system of development was oblige through out the nation, replacing neighborhoods with a rigorous separation of uses which was popularly known as suburban development or sprawl and was happened after the World War II. Most of the US citizens adopted the suburban or sprawl.Suburban development carries a significant price even though for a fact that it has been known. In spite of the slow populati on growth of the countryside, the conventional suburban development spreads out to consume large areas of countryside (See New Urbanism. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_urbanismBackground).*Sprawl and its Related Problems*Urban surrogate has played a significant role in cities worldwide such as Saint John, New Brunswick, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Glasgow, Scotland and Bilbao, Spain, Canary Wharf, in capital of the United Kingdom and Cardiff Bay in Cardiff. It has had a great impact on the urban landscape and still present until to this very day. Urban renewal or new urbanism is controversial because it suggests the use of eminent domain law force reclaiming private property for civic projects (See Urban Renewal. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_renewal).New urbanism is a reaction to sprawl (Wikipedia, free encyclopedia). Sprawl was defined as the process in which the spread of development across the landscape far outpaces population growth. The landscape sprawl makes four dim ensions and these are* A population that is widely dispersed in low density development* Rigidly separated homes, shops, and workplaces* A network of roads marked by commodious blocks and poor access* And a lack of well-defined, thriving activity centers, such as town centers and downtowns.1People live in more sprawl regions tend to drive greater distances, breathe more polluted air, own more cars, face greater risk of traffic fatalities and walk and use transit less.2In United States, most of the Americans who live in the metropolitan live in a mono-detached homes and commute to work by automobile.3 But there is one state in United States which is considered as Americas sole urban center where important fraction of the population lives in apartment, works downtown and commutes by public transit and this state is New York.4Even new urbanism has helped in developing our way of life new urbanism has drawn criticism from all quarters of the political spectrum. Some environmentalists criticize new urbanism as nothing more than sprawl dressed up with superficial stylistic cues.5 These critics of new urbanism often keeping it of elevating aesthetic over practicality, subordinate good city planning principles to urban design dogma.6In addition, according to Matthew E. Khan (March 2006) that sprawls critiques often argue that suburbanization may offer private benefits but that it enforces social costs. This cost of sprawl literature posits that there are many unintended consequences of the pursuit of the American Dream that range from increased traffic congestion, urban air pollution, greenhouse gas revenues, and denying the urban poor access to employment opportunities (See The Benefits of Sprawl. http//greeneconomics.blogspot.com/2006/03/benefits-of-sprawl.html).In a research made by Anthony Downs (August 1999), he mentioned that manyurban economists think these growth-related problems as caused mainly by market failures which means failing to charge people who benefit from sprawl the true costs of the decisions they make that consecrate to sprawl. He also added that it under-prices those decisions and encourages over-expansion into low-density settlements. He sets three examples and these are* failing to charge commuters a money toll for driving during peak hours to offset the time-loss burdens they impose on others in the form of congestion.* failing to charge residents of low-density suburbs the full social costs of removing land from open space and agricultural uses.* failing to charge high enough land costs for new low-density peripheral subdivisions to take account of the real costs of adding the infrastructures required to service those subdivisions (See Some Realities virtually Sprawl and Urban Decline. www.anthonydowns.com/sprawlrealities.PDF).But the economists were able to make a proposal how to solve the market failures and these are* Peak-hour road tolls on major commuting arteries.* A development tax on land converted from agricultural to urban uses.* Impact fees on all new developments. (See www.anthonydowns.com/sprawlrealities.PDF).Below is the most sprawling, residential density made by Reid Ewing, Rolf Pendall and Don Chen (See http//www.smartgrowthamerica.com/sprawlindex/MeasuringSprawl.PDF).Centeredness Score RankVallejo-Fairfield-Napa, CA PMSA 40.9 1Riverside-San Bernardino, CA PMSA 41.4 2Tampa-St.Petersburg-Clearwater, FL MSA 51.9 3West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Delray Beach- FL MSA 53.9 4Oxnard-Ventura, CA PMSA 55.5 5Oakland, CA PMSA 57.6 6Gary-Hammond, IN PMSA 61.2 7Detroit, MI PMSA 63.0 8Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point, NC MSA 69.1 9Anaheim-Santa Ana, CA PMSA 72.1 10I think there is nothing equipment casualty if we embrace sprawl or new urbanism concept because it helps to develop our country especially when it comes to our countrys facilities even there are related-problems arise. But taking those steps goes with responsibilities. Each individual and our government must know how to han dle related-problems and find its remedies related to sprawl.References1. Reid Ewing, Rolf Pendall, and Don Chen. Measuring Sprawl and its impact. http//www.smartgrowthamerica.com/sprawlindex/MeasuringSprawl.PDF.2. New Urbanism. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_urbanism3. Matthew Khan. The Benefits of Sprawl. Tufts University, March 2006. http//greeneconomics.blogspot.com/2006/03/benefits-of-sprawl.html.4. Anthony Downs. Some Realities about Sprawl and Urban Decline. http//www.anthonydowns.com/sprawlrealities.PDF.New Urbanismtextchange textchange textchange textchange New Urbanism New Urbanism is a relatively recent architectural and social design principle to leave its mark textchange textchange on United States society. Many past contributing factors present in society textchange textchange have lead some Americans textchange textchange to call textchange textchange for the implementation of a New Urbanism way of life in recent years.After defining and textchange discussing exactly what New Urbanism is, I will textchange textchange textchange delve deeper into the movement in an attempt to uncover textchange textchange what this new movement is a response to. This, in turn, will help to identify some of the problems current suburbs face today. As defined by scholars, the term New Urbanism refers to an intellectual movement of architects and planners that is opposed to the normative growth patterns of our society (Gottdiener and Budd 96).Simply defined, one can think of the New Urbanism way of life as a rebellion against the way society has expanded into vast suburbs. New Urbanists do not like the concept of an automobile based suburbia. They believe that their neighborhoods should be small, taking no more time than five minutes to reach the neighborhood center textchange textchange from the boundaries of the neighborhood (Gottdiener and Budd 96). In addition, New textchange Urbanists believe that their societies should have a diverse selection of shops, parks , schools, and churches easily accessible to all (without an automobile) (Gottdiener and Budd 96).New Urbanists want to return to the way cities were textchange before American society was forever changed by the invention of the automobile. In order to achieve this objective textchange textchange , sidewalks and public transportation must connect dwellings with businesses, textchange textchange textchange thereby eliminating the need for daily use of the automobile as the essential means of transportation.Now that we textchange textchange textchange have an understanding textchange textchange of exactly what New Urbanism is, it is natural to question what led its early adopters in the 1980s to create or look favorably upon its implementation The textchange textchange roots of the New Urbanism movement can be traced back to the period after World War II and possibly earlier. When the automobile transitioned more from an idea textchange to large -scale roduction in the early 1900s, li ttle did anybody know the widespread impact a simple transportation mechanism would have on American society. Life, as it was known then, would never be the same. Before the invention of the automobile, cities in America existed much like the neighborhood communities that textchange the New Urbanism movement hopes to bring back . textchange textchange As the number textchange textchange textchange of automobiles in society life increased, textchange the need for close proximity of necessary businesses and workplaces to the automobile owning family decreased .As Andres Duany and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk stated in their 1993 article regarding New Urbanism, the suburbs and cities of today continue to separate the naturally integrated human activities of dwelling, working, shopping, schooling, worshiping, and recreating (Duany and Plater-Zyberk 196). The automobile has helped to separate these critical establishments from the American household. The textchange authors infer that the incr eased importance of the automobile has led to an exponential rising of the amount of funding for textchange roadwork textchange while the amount of funding for civic programs has been reduced.Civic programs are crucial to the American society, economy, and environment (Duany and Plater-Zyberk 196). Such a shift towards increased emphasis on funding road textchange textchange work can be seen in the recent Economic Stimulus Bill passed by Congress and the President. Over $130 billion will be spent on the improvement and building of roads and bridges, which further highlight the relative importance of textchange textchange the automobile in American society.The other main textchange factor that lead to textchange textchange the birth of textchange textchange the New Urbanism movement is the suburban sprawl that accompanied the end of World War II. Sprawl, as defined by M. Gottdiener and Leslie Budd, is the haphazard growth of relative low density over an extended region, with resident ial units dominated by textchange single-family homes (Gottdiener and Budd 145). Simply stated textchange textchange , sprawl is the exodus of citizens from the city into the outlying areas.Sprawl has lead to the creation textchange textchange of residential areas without much, if any, planning. This lack of planning usually results in the textchange textchange essential components of a textchange textchange textchange neighborhood being located far from the residential areas. Urban textchange textchange sprawl can have a tremendous textchange textchange textchange negative textchange textchange impact on the city neighborhoods that are left behind when citizens move to the suburbs. The textchange article entitled From Institutional to Jobless Ghettos by William Julius Wilson highlights this key point when referencing a quote from Loic Wacquant, a member of the Urban Poverty and Family Life Study. Wacquant said that residents remember a time, not so long ago, when crowds were so den se at rush hour that one had to elbow ones way to the train station now have the appearance of an empty, bombed-out war zone when referencing the Woodlawn neighborhood in Chicago (Wilson 112).This effect is something that the New Urbanism movement is textchange textchange trying to correct. By textchange textchange attempting to counteract the effects of sprawl on society, suburban residential neighborhoods can be planned into New Urbanistic neighborhoods. Many city planners and architects have already attempted to do this. Some of the most famous New Urbanistic societies are the towns of Celebration, Florida and Seaside, Florida. textchange textchange It is important to remember that just because architects and planners build a New Urbanistic neighborhood, that doesnt necessarily mean textchange that, the residents of that neighborhood will live in the New Urbanistic way. For example, in Celebration, Florida there has not been an increase in sociability amongst textchange textchan ge strangers textchange textchange despite the fact that the dwellings have porches (Gottdiener and Budd 97).Gottdiener and Budd then go on to infer that just because you place suburbanites in a New Urbanistic society, that doesnt mean that the residents will drop their suburban-like tendencies (Gottdiener and Budd 97). New Urbanism is a fairly new ideology that is opposed to the way in which society has grown during the past century. The underlying causes behind the formation of the New Urbanism movement can be traced back to the invention of the automobile and the pattern of urban sprawl that took place in most, if not all, major cities around the country shortly after World War II.New Urbanism strives textchange textchange for a societal efficiency that increases social networks while decreasing the idea textchange textchange of spreading out the neighborhood. Although New Urbanism seeks to address the problems caused by this urban textchange textchange sprawl growth pattern thro ugh architecture, it will likely take more than a different architectural design to change the long ingrained textchange textchange mindset of the automobile driven suburban citizen. textchange textchange textchange textchange Works Cited Duany, Andres and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk. The Neighborhood, the District, and the Corridor. The City Reader. 4thEd. Richard T. LeGates and Fredric Stout. New York, NY Routledge, 2007. Print. Gottdiener, M. , and Leslie Budd. Key Concepts in Urban Studies. Thousand Oaks, CA SAGE Publications Inc, 2005. Print. Wilson, William Julius. From Institutional to Jobless Ghettos. The City Reader. 4th Ed. Richard T. LeGates and Fredric Stout. New York, NY Routledge, 2007. Print.

Political Science Course Outline

INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA COURSE OUTLINE Kulliyyah Muslim Revealed Knowledge and compassionate Sciences Department governmental Science Programme Bachelor of Human Sciences (Political Science) cut Title Introduction to Political Science Course Code PSCI 1010 Status Core Course Level 1 Credit Hours 3 come through Hours 3 Pre-requisites - (if any) Co-requisites - (if any) Course Izni Bazilah binti Abdul Razak Instructor(s) Semester Offered Every Semester Course Synopsis This course introduces students to the basic concepts and notions of semipolitical science in the areas of political theory, comparative politics, public administration and international relations. The topics will be surveyed from the horse opera perspectives their shortcomings evaluated and an Islamic alternative conceptualization will be provided. Combining the two perspectives, it provides students a base for advanced studies in the discipline. Course Objectives The objectives of this course are to serve as a preparatory study for students majoring in political science and as a general overview for students of other closeness make students understand the nature and scope of political science and how it affects peoples life directly and indirectly make students understand the reasons why political science should be studied by Muslims identify the themes and issues discussed in the areas of Political Theory, Comparative Politics, International Relations, and Public Administration and build the foundation of students in political science for future courses in the subject. Learning topics By the end of the course, students will be able to define politics and Political Science from both Islamic and Western perspectives describe confused sub-disciplines of Political Science, along with its most basic concepts and the methods used explain the different types of political and political structures, in stitutions, processes, and perspectivesand their respective historical developing and functionsat the local, state, national and international level distinguish the Liberal-democratic, Islamic, Authoritarian, and Totalitarian political systems and their variants outline the key elements of various ideologies along with their critiques and Evaluate the roles of elites, masses and institutions in the governmental process. Instructional sum-based teaching Strategies Task-based teaching Course Assessment LO State weightage of each type Method of assessment % 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Quizzes 5 1, 2, 3, 4 Mid-Semester Exam 25 3, 4, 5, 6 Group Presentation 10 3, 4, 5, 6 Term Paper 20 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Final Examination 40 Total 100 Content Outlines Weeks Topics Task/Reading 1 Introduction An overview of the course.What is Politics, Manifestation Moten & Islam (2009) 3-22, 40-53. and Transmission of Politics, Pol itical, Power, Influence and Authority, Authority and legitimacy in Islam. Moral basis in politics. 2 Political Science Nature, Scope and Development of the subject. Moten & Islam (2009) 23-39 The Evolution of Political Science Ancient, Medieval Modern and Shively (2003) 2-15. Post-Modernism. 3 State and Government features of an Islamic Political System. Moten & Islam (2009) 78-98, 131-157. Rauf (2002) 8-28. Shively (2003) 40-64. 4 Western Classification of Government Democracy vs. Dictatorship, Unitary Moten & Islam (2009) 99-131. vs. Federal, and Parliamentary vs. Presidential Systems of Government Shively (2003) 169-197. Islamic evaluation. 5 Constitution, Constitutionalism. Moten & Islam (2009) 159-172. Shively (2003) 204-220. 6 Organs of government Executive (Khalifah), Legislature, (Majlis Moten & Islam (2009) al-Shura), Judiciary, (Qada). 173-212 232-255. 7 Bureaucracy, major Features, Role, Control and Accountability TransparencyMoten & Islam (2009) and Accountability Egovernment Military. 213-230. Shively (2003) 338-352. 8 Political Parties and Party Systems Interest Group An Islamic Moten & Islam (2009) 314-345. Alternative. Shively (2003) 244-291. 9 Elections and Electoral Systems. Moten & Islam (2009) 346-362. Shively (2003) 223-241. 10 Civil Society, Human Rights and Moten & Islam (2009) 395-406. Islam. 11 Political Ideologies Moten & Islam (2009) 268-373. Conservatism, Liberalism, Shively (2003) 18-37. Socialism, Nationalism and Feminism. 12 International Relations. Moten & Islam (2009) 407-435. Shively (2003) 372-399. 13 International Organizations. Moten & Islam (2009) 436- 470. 14 Challenges Globalization, Environment, AIDS, and Terrorism. Moten & Islam (2009) 471-476. References Required Moten, A. R. & Islam, S. S. (2009). Introduction to political science (3rd ed. ). capital of Singapore Thomson. Recommended Baradat, L. P. (2003). Politic al ideologies Their origin and impact. New Jersey Prentice Hall. Crouch, H. 1996). Government and society in Malaysia. Singapore Talisman. Danziger, J. N. (2001). Understanding the political world A comparative macrocosm to political science. New York Longman. DeLue, S. M. (2001). Political thinking, political theory, and civil society. New York Longman. Esposito, J. L. (1996). Islam and democracy. New York Oxford University Press. Grigsby, E. (2002). Analyzing politics An introduction to political science. Belmont Wadsworth. Hofmann, M. (1997). Islam the alternative. Maryland Amana Publications. Mawdudi, A. A. (1998). Human rights in Islam. New Delhi Markazi Maktab Islami. Rauf, M. A. (2002). imagination of Islamic state.Kuala Lumpur YADIM. Shively, W. P. (2003). Power and choice An introduction to political science (8th ed. ). New York McGraw-Hill. Proposed Start Date (Semester) Batch of Students Semester 3, 2005/2006 onwards t o be Affected Prepared by Checked by Approved by Dr. Mohd. Fuzi Omar Dr. Tunku Mohar Tunku Mokhtar Dr. Badri Najib Zubir (Course coordinator) (Head, Political Science Dept) (Dean, KIRKHS) Learning Outcomes Matrix PSCI 1010 Course Learning Outcomes Outcome 1 Outcome 2 Outcome 3 Outcome 4 Outcome 5 Outcome 6 Outcome 7 Outcome 8 Outcome 9 Outcome 10 Define politics and Political Science from both Islamic and Western perspectives. 3 2 3 2 1 3 Describe various sub-disciplines of Political Science, along with its most basic concepts and the methods used. 3 2 2 1 Explain the different types of governmental and political structures, institutions, processes, and perspectivesand their respective historical maturation and functionsat the local, state, national and international level in the western and Islamic settings. 3 1 1 2 1 1 2 constitute the Liberal-democratic, Islamic, Authoritarian, and Totalitarian political systems and their variants. 3 1 1 2 1 1 2 Outline the key elements of various ideologies along with their critiques. 3 3 2 3 1 1 1 2 Evaluate the roles of elites, masses and institutions in the governmental process. 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 2 *1=addresses outcome slightly, 2=moderately, 3=substantively The programme outcomes are 1. Knowledge = The ability to demonstrate familiarity with major concepts, theoretical perspective, confirmable findings and historical trends in political science. 2.Practical Skills = The ability to understand and apply basic search methods in political science, including research design, data analysis and interpretation. 3. Critical thinking The ability to acquire and use the scientific methods with their critical and creative approaches of problem-solving and decision-making skills. 4. Communication = The ability to work and communicate soundly and sensitively with people from a different range of backgrounds and varying demographic characteristics. 5. Lifelong learning= The ability to develop insight into their own and others behavioral, cognitive and spiritual processes and apply effective strategies for lifelong self-management and self-improvement. 6.Social Responsibility The ability to understand and apply political principles to socio-economic and organizational issues. 7. Ethics, autonomy, professionalism The ability to apply IIUM ethical guidelines in the design, data collection, analysis, interpretation and reporting of political research. . 8. Islamicisation The ability to use principles in the Quran and Sunnah to evaluate and apply modern political theories and approaches. 9. Integration The ability to integrate Islamic teaching in the theoretical, research and application of political principles in explaining and improving human behaviour. 10. Entrepreneurial Skills The ability to successfully enter the job market.

An Unknown Hero: an Essay on Theodore Dwight Weld

An Unknown Hero An Essay on Theodore Dwight weld From 1830 through 1844, during the formative years of the American emancipationist movement, umpteen arose as leaders in the fight for freedom. Author, editor, and auditor, Theodore Dwight dyers mignonette, was one of the leading framers of this movement. Many historians regard Weld as the most influential figure in the abolitionist movement. Despite his great deeds, Weld strove for anonymity in all his endeavors. This has long made him an unknown figure in American history.Weld, born in 1803 in Hartford, Connecticut, was the son and grandson of Congregational ministers. At the age of fourteen he began earning money to attend Phillips Academy. He continued his studies present until failing eyesight caused him to drop his courses in 1822. Following his attendance at Phillips Academy, Weld began a lecture series on mnemonics. He traveled for three years throughout the unify States, including the sec where he saw slavery firsthand. Welds family moved to upstate pertly York, where he studied at Hamilton College.Here Weld became a disciple of Charles Finney. Finney was trounce known as an innovative gospeler, an opponent of Old School Presbyterian theology, an counselling of Christian perfectionism, a pioneer in social reforms in favor of women and blacks, a religious writer, and president at Oberlin College. Weld was drawn to Finneys system for some reasons. It left no excuse for sin it emphasizes present responsibility it exalted the expiation of Christ and it magnified the work of the Holy Spirit. Weld became a member of Finneys holy band and worked under Finney for several years.When Weld decided to get under ones skin speech again, he became a preacher and entered the Oneida Manual Labor Institute in Oneida, New York. There, he would travel in two-week intervals about New York, lecturing on the virtues of manual labor, temperance, and moral reform. In 1831, philanthropists, Lewis and Arthur Tappan, hired Weld as the general agent for the Society for Promoting Manual Labor in Literary Institutions. The Tappan brothers devoted their time and money to causes such as temperance, the abolition of slavery, and the pass onment of theological seminaries.In Welds report to the Tappans, he reveals that he traveled 4,575 miles 2,630 miles by boat and stagecoach 1800 miles on horseback, 145 miles on foot. En route, he made 236 public addresses. During his time as a manual labor agent, Weld helped establish and became a student at Lane Theological Seminary in Cincinnati in 1833. Pastor, Lyman Beecher moved his family to Cincinnati to become the first president of the Lane Seminary. The Seminary was founded during a time of hike social, political and religious conflict.Beecher was well known for his fiery sermons, yet attempted to contain his students social activism to maintain mainline admit for the Seminary. His opposition of fellow revivalist Charles Finneys views led him also t o refuse demands made by a group of students led by Weld at the Seminary in 1834. Weld was an advocate of immediate emancipation, despite the fact that the Seminary had its own colonization society, which proposed to send slaves back to Africa. Weld convinced nearly each student of his beliefs over a finale of months. This led to a debate that spanned across eighteen days over the appropriate solution to slavery.This debate addressed these two main questions 1. Ought the people of the thrall States to abolish thralldom immediately? 2. Are the doctrines, tendencies, and measures of the American Colonization Society, and the influence of its principal supporters, such as render it worthy of the patronage of the Christian public? Addressing the first question, the opponents of immediate emancipation argued that slaves were too incompetent to provide for themselves, leaving unlearned freed slaves without homes. This lack of education would lead to a increase in madness and crimin al activity.Immediate emancipation would be unsafe to the white community. Members of the American Anti-slavery Society refuted these arguments with the first hand testimony of, the newly emancipated, pile Bradley. Bradley was stolen from Africa when as a baby, and change into slavery to his master, who lived in Arkansas. When Bradley was eighteen years old, his master died, leaving Bradley to his masters widow. For years, he managed the plantation for his mistress. All the while, Bradley was money to buy his freedom. After flipper years he paid his owners $655 to he received his free papers.He then emigrated to a free State with more than $200 in his pocket. either bit of the $855 he earned by labor and trading. Once free, Bradley became well-respected member of the American Anti-slavery Society. Bradley ended his testimony by saying, They slaves have to take care of, and support themselves now, and their master, and his family into the bargain and this being so, it would be st range if they could not provide for themselves, when disencumbered from this load. He said the two most prominent desires of the slaves were liberty and education. The debate resulted in a consensus to support abolitionism. The group also pledged to help the 1500 free blacks in Cincinnati. Consequently, the board of directory at Lane Theological Seminary banned further discussion of slavery. In rebellion, eighty percent of the students left the Seminary. Many of these enrolled at the new Oberlin Collegiate Institute. Some of Welds deepens included such well-known abolitionists as James G. Birney, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and Henry Ward Beecher. Theodore moved to New York to head the new American Anti-Slavery Societys training session.Here he continued lecturing on the atrocity of slavery to gain recruits into the Society. When he lost his voice in 1836, Weld became the appointed editor of all the Societys books and pamphlets. He began working as the editor of The Emancipator in 183 6. It was an abolitionist newspaper founded in 1819 by the son of a Quaker minister. Weld used pen names for the absolute majority of his writings. This attribute has contributed to the degree of his popularity when pitted against many other notable 19th century civil rights advocates. Weld married Angelina Grimke in 1839.She and her sister, Sarah Grimke, were abolitionists and strong womens rights advocates. In letters written to the Grimke sisters, Weld conveys his ideology on womens rights. He wrote, sex neither qualified nor disqualified for the discharge of any functions mental, moral or spiritual Woman in EVERY particular shares equally with man rights and responsibilities. He furthered this by proposing that qualified women should have the right to choose their own spouse, and should be able to hold a place of authority in the court of law. Weld had been the first to suggest this ultraism of womens rights, as he described it.Even many women had opposed the idea that a women had a right to courting a man of their choice. Such propositions had been unheard of up until these letters. Weld, with the help of his wife and her sister, wrote American Slavery As It Is Testimony of a Thousand Witnesses in 1839. This pivotal book is regarded as the most influential work on the antislavery movement. It is composed of the testimonies of those who had witnessed the inhumane sermon of slaves. Many topics were addressed in this book, including the housing of slaves, the treatment of the sick, the amount of labor, their food, and their clothing.On the subject of labor, a slaveholder by the name of Asa Stone testified, Every body here knows overdriving to one of the most common occurrences. The planters do not deny it, except, perhaps, to northerners. This and a thousand other accounts on the treatment of slavery were compiled to create this book that would convert many to the abolitionist movement. Theodore wrote two other greatly influential works on the civil right s movement. The first was The Bible Against Slavery, written in 1837. This book compared the condition of ancient Israel to the context of a 19th century America to denounce the practice of slavery.Through passages from the Bible, Weld argued the religion involved in the abolition movement. In 1838, Weld wrote the pamphlet, The Power of Congress over the District of Columbia. In this piece, Weld argued the political side of abolition, revealing Congresss power to abolish slavery in Washington, DC. Both of these works played an enormous role in recruiting followers for the abolitionist movement. Theodore Dwight Weld devoted his life to the American abolitionist movement. He remained dedicated until the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution ended slavery in 1865.From his mentors, to his lectures and writings, to the woman he chose to marry, Welds passion for the equality of man can be seen in every facet of his life. This undying resolve is what has earned Weld the t itle of the most influential figure in the abolitionist movement. Works Cited Barnes, Gilbert H. The Antislavery Impulse 1830-1844. Gloucester, MA Peter Smith, 1964. Print. Debate at the Lane Seminary, Cincinnati. Boston station Knapp, 1834. Print. The Dickinson College Archives. Slavery & Abolition in the US. Slavery Abolition in the US.Instructional and Media Services, July 2010. Web. 16 Nov. 2012. http//deila. dickinson. edu/slaveryandabolition/title/0182. hypertext markup language. throneson, Rossiter, ed. Weld, Theodore Dwight. Appletons Cyclopedea of American Biography. 1st ed. New York D. Appleton and, 1889. Print. Prince, Monique. Theodore Dwight Weld, 1803-1895. Documenting the American South. University of North Carolina, 2004. Web. 16 Nov. 2012. . Smikin, John. Arthur Tappan. Spartacus Educational. Spartacus Educational Publishers Ltd, n. d. Web. 16 Nov. 2012. lthttp//www. spartacus. schoolnet. co. uk/USAStappanA. htm. Theodore Dwight Weld (1803-1895). WWHP. Worc ester Womens biography Project, 2010. Web. 16 Nov. 2012. http//www. wwhp. org/Resources/Biographies/theodoredwightweld. html. Thomas, Benjamin P. Theodore Weld, Crusader for Freedom. New Brunswick Rutgers UP, 1950. Print. Tikkanen, Amy, ed. Theodore Dwight Weld (Abolitionist). Columbia Encyclopedia. Columbia Columbia UP, 1935. Print. Vaughn, Stephen L. , ed. The Emancipator. Encyclopedia of American Journalism. N. p. Routledge, 2009. 4. Print. Weld, Theodore D.American Slavery as It Is Testimony of a Thousand Witnesses. New York American Anti-Slavery Society, 1839. Print. Weld, Theodore D. , Angelina Grimke, and Sarah M. Grimke. Letters of Theodore Dwight Weld, Angelina Grimke Weld and Sarah Grimke, 1822-1844. New York Da Capo, 1970. 425-32. Print. Weld, Theodore D. The Bible Against Slavery. New York American Anti-Slavery Society, 1838. Print. Weld, Theodore D. The Power of Congress over the District of Columbia. New John F. Trow Printer, 1838. 27. Print. Wright, G. F. Charles Grandison Finney. Boston Houghton, Mifflin and, 1891.Print. 1 . Theodore Dwight Weld (1803-1895). WWHP. Worcester Womens History Project, 2010. Web. 26 Nov. 2012. . 2 . Wright, G. F. Charles Grandison Finney. Boston Houghton, Mifflin and, 1891. Print. 3 . Smikin, John. Arthur Tappan. Spartacus Educational. Spartacus Educational Publishers Ltd, n. d. Web. 26 Nov. 2012. . 4 . Thomas, page 38 5 . Debate at the Lane Seminary, Cincinnati. Boston Garrison & Knapp, 1834. 3-4. Pamphlet. 6 . Vaughn, Stephen L. , ed. The Emancipator. Encyclopedia of American Journalism.N. p. Routledge, 2009. 4. Print. 7 . Tikkanen, Amy, ed. Theodore Dwight Weld (Abolitionist). Columbia Encyclopedia. Columbia Columbia UP, 1935. Print. 8 . Weld, Theodore D. , Angelina Grimke, and Sarah M. Grimke. Letters of Theodore Dwight Weld, Angelina Grimke Weld and Sarah Grimke, 1822-1844. New York Da Capo, 1970. 425-32. Print. 9 . Prince, Monique. Theodore Dwight Weld, 1803-1895. Documenting the American S outh. University of North Carolina, 2004. Web. 16 Nov. 2012. . 10 . Weld, Theodore D. American Slavery as It Is Testimony of a Thousand Witnesses.New York American Anti-Slavery Society, 1839. Print. 11 . Weld, Theodore D. The Bible Against Slavery. New York American Anti-Slavery Society, 1838. Print. 12 . The Dickinson College Archives. Slavery & Abolition in the US. Slavery & Abolition in the US. Instructional and Media Services, July 2010. Web. 26 Nov. 2012. . 13 . Weld, Theodore D. The Power of Congress over the District of Columbia. New John F. Trow Printer, 1838. 27. Print. 14 . Barnes, Gilbert H. The Antislavery Impulse 1830-1844. Gloucester, MA Peter Smith, 1964. Print.