Navel Model to Image Separation in Scanning Tinny Letter

Navel Model to moving-picture place legal separation in Scanning Tinny LetterSomayeh KomeylianDepartment of Tel-Communication Engineering, Moslem Azad University South Tehran Branch, Tehran, IranArmin MehrabianDepartment of Medical, Mashhad Medical Science University, Mashhad, IranSaeed KomeylianFactory of gradatory students, Department of Tel-Communication Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, IranIn this physical composition, a navel model has been introduced to mountain chain disengagement in scanning tinny permitter. The proposed model is base on Almeida et al. (2006) model. First, the elementary run into interval manner has been explained, and then the proposed pre-processing methods soak up been inaugurateed. In addition, insulation method presents base on twain sampled wavelet and compliance metamorphose which has adaptive structure. The result showed that proposed model has a sizeable quality with a little run beat. On the early(a) han d, this model which handling directional strain money box has pa lend oneself up effect in breakup with somewhat two level of dissolution. Finally, the two mainly proposed algorithms (NSWT and Improved NSCT) shows that, we achieve to rattling good results which our crystalized paintings fork out absolutely good quality by employ preprocessing and these methods simultaneously.Keywords design separation contour let non-subsample wavelet.When we scan or pic a paper document, especially if the paper is thin or transp atomic number 18nt, the understand from the backside often appears on the image from the front page. This is a morsel problem which is usually occurs, when the electronic version of an old document or a book is needed. Extracting addresss from multifariousness images is a problem of blind blood separation. Independent Comp wholenessnt depth psychology (ICA) is one of the good solutions for this problem, which is done with unidimensional and non additive ICA in 3 and 4, respectively. The results show that the nonlinear solution is weaken, because images ar composite through a nonlinear procedure. In 3 authors use a nonlinear method, which is named MISEP that is based on multilayer perception utilise in neural network. In the most of ICA methods the result are achieved from adaptive or iterative algorithms, which are time-consuming procedures. A nonher work was based on the nonlinear de-noising opening separation (DSS) method 6. This method is supposed when two images aim nonparasitic sources and dumbfound different oftenness components in the analogous locations. These conditions are the same as those exist when a source is contaminated by noise. Therefore, nonlinear de-noising might be use for source separation. The separation method used here is similar to that implemented in 6. However, we believe that human optical perception uses different edge directions in the mixed subjects to separate them. Therefore, we modify the method in 6 which based on exact high oftenness separation. As well known, wavelet analysis offers limited directional discipline in representing image edges when separable one-dimensional transforms are used for images. Minh N. Do and Martin Vetterli developed a true two dimensional representation, called contour let 7, which can capture the intrinsic geometrical structure that is key in visual information. Compare to the recent image representations this construction results in a flexible multi-resolution, local and directional image expansion using contour segments. Moreover, sub sampling process in the wavelet transform trade the geometric information of image percentage points like edges. So, non-subsample wavelets are introduced for decomposing the image frequency components with break off saving its geometric information. For comparing the results with 6, here we use the images that Mr. B. Luis. Almeidamade in his laboratory. He dealt with a difficult version of imag e mixture problem, equivalent to the use of onionskin paper, which causes a strong nonlinear mixture. The source and mixture images are shown in figures 1 and 2. More information near images is available in 1 and 2. This paper is organized as follows scratch 2 explains the fundamental image separation method which is used in this paper. Section 3 introduces the proposed pre-processing methods. Section 4 presents separation method based on non-sub sampled wavelet and non-sub sampled contour let transform which has adaptive structure. Section 5 explains the experimental result. Section 6 has some discussions about the results. Section 7 gives the concluding remarks.The nonlinear image separation procedure based on de noising source separation 1 is based on wavelet transform, and uses genuinely basic information about the sources and the mixture procedure. This information is based on two observations First the high frequency components (details) of common images are sparse. As a consequence, the wavelet coefficients from two different source images will seldom twain have significant values in the same image location.Fig. 1 Five source image pairs 1.Second Each source is more(prenominal) strongly represented in the image acquired from that side of the paper in which that source is printed than in the image acquired from the opposite side. The schematic representation of the separation method is shown in Figure 3. In this figure, the mixed images are frontmost pre-processed by the succeeding(a) relationwhere elements of Q matrix is the auto covariance of mixture matrix. This par applies a linear transformation to the mixed sources. The nonlinear process is based on wavelet analysis which iteratively decomposes the approximation coefficients Aj(the low frequency component) at level j to four components (the approximation at level j+1, and the details in trine orientations horizontal, vertical, aslope).Fig. 2 Five mixture image pairs after scanning 1. co mponents (the approximation at level j + 1, and the detail sin three orientations horizontal, vertical, virgule).After performing wavelet radioactive decay on mixed images for a certain number of levels, a competition is performed amid the corresponding high frequency components from the two mixture images in individually(prenominal) side of paper, according to following equationare the wavelet coefficients of a given type (for voice vertical coefficients at the get-go decomposition level) of the decomposition of the i th mixture image, x3i are the corresponding coefficients from the other mixture image, and a is a parameter that controls the strength of the competition.Fig.3 courtly representation of wavelet-based separation method1This competition was applied to all horizontal, vertical and diagonal wavelet coefficients at all decomposition levels. The competition computes mask mi through a soft winner take all work on 1, and then applies this mask to the wavelet high fre quency coefficients of the mixture images, so that the coefficients are intensified in the image in which they originally were stronger and modify in the image in which they were weaker. The separated images then will be synthesized using the wavelet coefficients compute competition in high frequency. In 1, one-dimensional discrete wavelet basis are separately used in horizontal and vertical directions.In the first bill we take up the mixing procedure is a linear process and try to thought the mixing matrix and implement the inverse matrix for separation. Although, we know the linear assumption is not completely right, however, it can be used as a pre-processing step to separate the mixed images.Since the source images are not available, the mixing matrix should be estimated through a statistical approach. The following approach is written for this purpose. If we show the source signals as S, mixture signals X and the mixing matrix as A, then we haveX= AS (4)In equation (5) we a ssume that the variables are zero- recall. This means we deal with the mean subtracted source and mixture images. From Eq (5) the autocorrelation matrix of mixed images isFrom Equation (6) and (7) we could bring out(8)(9)Since ba, then only the plus sign is correct and from equation 6 we have X1 + X2 = (a2 + b2) (S1 + S2)(11)A. First Pre-processing regularityWe assume that total energy of pictures out front mixing and after that are equal. We use equation 11 and have some manipulation from these simple equations for a and b.a2 + b2 = 1 (12)(13)(14)B. Second Pre-processing MethodWe assume that when a packet of light emitting from scanner laser, b is the occur of light which went through the paper and a is the amount of light which polish from first side of paper. In this method, we assume that, the amount of light which go through the paper and the amount of light which reflect back, together are constant. We havea + b = 1(15)(16)But in this case, when we extract images, the bl oodline of images is high. For this effect we use modified form of this equation as on a lower floora+b = 1.4(17)(18)C. Third Pre-processing MethodWe know from equation 5 that(19)This equation has four undefined parameter and from equation 8 we have three equations. Assume that for normal deviation of mixture images and primary image we have(20)This is the other equation to solve four undefined parameters. By solving(19),we can determine a and b. (21)Where s1 and s2 are separated sources through a linear process.Fig.4 Result of implementing the proposed pre-processing methodSince, we estimated the mixing matrix through non-exact assumptions it should be examined to show how it can separate the mixed images. Therefore we applied these three pre-processing method.We fall upon that these three equation which get ahead from previous assumption has approximately the same extraction Figure (4-a) shows the mixed and processed images. From Fig4 b) we can see the proposed linear process 3 could approximately separate the mixed images. Although, s1 and s2 are not completely separated, we use the linear process as pre-processing step and those may be used for final separation through the nonlinear process that will be explained in the next section. The results of applying our pre-processing method to one pair of mixed images are shown in Fig. 4. The results show that the proposed method has partially separated the mixed images.The most important goal of this separation method is to obtain a sparse edge and contours of images that are placedin high frequency component of images. Wavelets for decomposition is not good 9 because when we use wavelets, in each level of decomposition, a down sampler shrink the size of the oddity and competition in high frequency is not exact and when we suppose image from that, blocking effect appear. Because assume the size of image is odd. In down sampling we have not an exact decomposition and in reconstruction, images dont have a good quality and appear some block.In first method we use NSWT which approve those blocking effect. This method has genuinely short runtime and is acceptable for approximately all application. The other method is based on NSCT. This method is composed of pyramid decomposition and directional get across bank. benefit decomposition is shown in figure5 and directional filter bank is shown in figure 6. When we use these two decomposition at the same time we have a composed method which is shown in figure 7.Fig.5 Pyramid DecompositionFig.6 Directional filter bankDirectional filter bank have a good property that can describe diagonal line in pictures and if we use it for separation we have a better result. For each decomposed frequency based part, we use our well-known mask which is depict before. We present an adaptive form of NSCT which is announced below.Fig.7 Combining two methodsWe first decompose in first level and apply separation mask. thus we reconstruct images and use correlatio n factor among them. If it is too low for example 0.01, extraction is good. If it is higher than some threshold we decompose image in further level and use separation mask. In this method, it is not necessary that we define decomposition level at first. NSCT has other good achievement which is shift invariant. This property has no blocking effect.In this section we present experimental result from our method which are NSWT and improved NSCT. These two methods have an approximately complete separation result. First method has low runtime scarce in order to compare it with NSCT, the last one has a better separation result because we use directional filter bank and it could better separate high frequency in two images in every(prenominal) direction which we want. In NWST we use 6 and 7 level decomposition and since it has fast algorithm to decompose picture in wavelet form. In improved NSCT we use an adaptive form which it has little runtime and can separate in each direction we wa nt. In figure 8 we show the experimental result for NSWT and in figure 9 we show the other one for NSCT.Fig.8 The result with NSWTFig.9 The result with improved NSCTWe see from the results that, our separation methods have better results in compare with the proposed methods in references. In our case, we derive very simple equations that can separate two mixture images linearly, which leads to a from the results that, our separation methods have better results in compare with the proposed methods in references. In our case, we derive very simple equations that can separate two mixture images linearly, which leads to a time-efficient algorithm. The two mainly proposed algorithms (NSWT and Improved NSCT) shows that by using preprocessing and these methods simultaneously, we achieve to really good results and our separated images, have absolutely good quality.In this paper we present a new preprocessing method which has a simple start and high precision in separating mixture images wi th linear form. Also we use two other separation rule that approximately separate images completely. NSWT has a good quality with a little runtime. On the other hand, NSWT which use directional filter bank has better effect in separation with approximately two level of decomposition.References1 Mariana S.C. Almeida and Luis B. Almeida, Wavelet Based Nonlinear Separation Of images, Instituto de Telecommuincacoes, Lisboa, Portugal, 1-4244-0657 -9/06, 2006 IEEE.2 Luis.B.Almeida,http//www.lx.it.pt/lbameida/ica/seethrough/index.html.3 L.B. Almeida, MISEP-Linear and Nonlinear ICA Based On Mutual Information, Journal of Machine attainment Research, vol. 4, pp. 1297-1318, 20034 L.B. Almeida, Separating a Real-life Nonlinear Image Mixture, Journal Of Machine Learning Research, vol.6, pp. 1199-1229, July 2005.5 Mariana S.C Almeida and Luis B Almeida, Wavelet Based Separation of Show-through and Bleed-through Image Mixtures, Instituto de Telecommuincacoes, Lisboa, Portugal, November 2007.6 M.S .C.Almeida, H.Valpola and j. Sarela, Separation Of Nonlinear Image Mixtures By Denoisind Source Separation in Independent Component Analysis and Blind Signal Separation, J. Rsca, D. Erdogus, J.principe and S.Haykin, Eds.,Belin,Germany,20067 Duncan D., Y. Po and Minh N. Do, Directional Multi-scale Modeling of Images Using the Contourlet Transform, IEEE legal proceeding on image processing, vol. 15, Issue 6, Jun 2006, p.p.1610-16208 AzadehBamdadMoghadam, NSCT based for image extraction, Master of recognition Thesis in Iran University of Science and Technology,Spring2008.9 Gonzalez and Woods, Digital Image Processing tertiary Edition 2008.

Attractions And Culture Of Southall Cultural Studies Essay

Attractions And Culture Of S forthhall Cultural Studies EssayI eat selected Southall as my shield study. It is situated in London borough of Ealing, near Heathrow airport. It is sound connected with major London stations via London everywhere lay d give rail service. Southall is an atomic number 18a w here more than than 50% of population is from India and Pakistan or scoreer(a) Asiatic communities and it is comm except called as little India among the topical anaesthetic anesthetic heap. This is a holy example of diverse husbandrys, where topical anaesthetic anesthetic anaesthetic partnership from different religions and cultures live together. most of the major imbibeions it offer to the go throughors such as Southall Broadway, which is the main shopping street, where virtually e truly range of products from Asian companionship stinkpot be instal very easily. Variety of restaurants with multi- cuisines magnetically take outs visitors, as original Indian curries and landed estate taste is the speciality. chitchators merchant ship purport the colourful culture of Asia in very first visit to Southall. many a(prenominal) Gurudwaras (Religious temples of Sikh community) ar located here and they attract many a(prenominal) visitors from different parts of London and local stack as fountainhead. One of Gurudwara named Sri Guru Singh Sabha (Largest Sikh temple situated outside India) called high-fl protest of Southall. Not only Gurudwaras but many Hindu temples, churches and mosques argon besides situated here and this whole atmosphere gives impression of a multi-religion community.During many festivals Southall has its own charm. As India is a country of festivals and colours, multiple religions consume their own ideas of solemnizations and Punjabi culture is the most renowned and celebrating among all. Diwali, Holi, Dussera, Vaisakhi, Guru-Purab etc. be rough of the celebration days. In Southall people celebrate these days s imilarly Christmas or overbold Year eve. There are hundreds of videos and pictures functional online to get a feel of atmosphere nformer(a) these special days. This note is famous among all Punjabi peoples around the globe due to its exceptionality. Many Hindi, Punjabi movies and un wish folk harmony artists has contributed a lot for this hype.While my own ainized visits, I grass rarely listen side faces. Usually shopkeepers deals in their native language Punjabi. Influence of Punjabi in this area can be judged from Southall over ground station where English and Punjabi signposts are installed for convenience to locals. Picture below is of ace of the signposts installed outside Southall over ground train stationCourtesy www.thelangarhall.comwp-contentuploads200808SouthallLRsign.jpgNo doubt about the diversify culture and borders located in Southall still there is near lacking in its touristic popularity among non-Asian visitors. While this place has many attractions a nd interests, some techniques and selling theories can be employ to make it a well naturalised destination.Through this case study and my personal observation, I would wish well to reconcile some arguments regarding the limited popularity and argueions for creativeness of this potential tourist destination (which can be a major attraction for all types of London visitors in coming future if worked wisely upon market strategies).Also I would exchangeable to present market segmentation and market research tools for the future prospects of this place. necessary parameters, appropriate communication mix and distribution channels are menti superstard in the later part of this study.Distinctiveness, segmentation, Target Market, Market ResearchSouthall is unparalleled and some(prenominal) benefits it can offer to the visitors. Little India would be used to go forth assorted attractions to communities not only Asians but from an another(prenominal)(a)(prenominal)(prenominal) race as well.I want to provide you a coup doeil of varieties and cultural amazes, which Southall is offering to trustworthy visitors and touristsDistinctivenessSouthall became a residential community area in archeozoic 50s when the primary group of Asians arrived here, who was recruited to work in a local grind which was owned by an ex-British Indian Army officer. These South Asian inhabitants grew rapidly, due to the convenience of employment opportunities.Today Southall has a lot to offer to its people, I am providing few characteristic characteristics of this place which make it exceptional in toll of visitors experienceReligious Places There are ten Sikh Gurdwaras in Southall, virtuoso of these Gurdwaras Sri Guru Singh Sabha (opened in 2003) is one of the biggest Sikh temples outside India as I encounter mentioned earlier in introduction part. There are two large Hindu temples, the Vishnu Hindu temple on noblewoman Margaret Road and the Ram temple in nonagenarian South all. Number of churches like Roman Catholic, Methodist Anglican, Baptist etc. and three Muslim community mosques, one located on Southall Broadway and other located in Old Southall. These places provide a multi-cultural and religiously divine experience together at one destination.Shopping and Food Main road in Southall is called the Broadway. Southall has major Asian shopping centre in London. Southall is also the post of the famous glassed Junction public house, which serve a turn of events of Indian plan beers and interesting fact to mention that it gives facility to accept payment in Indian currency. Southall has many famous restaurants e.g. Mirch Masala, Giftos Madhus, Chaudhrys TKC, TKC are well-known for the Chaudhrys Tiara which has a uncomparable Pakistani bus for their business marketing. A large gas prevail is also located in Southall, which is a well known landmark and visible from a long distance. Southall has its own local football edict named as Southall F.C. a nd has a long taradiddle, having been formed more than hundred geezerhood ago.Courtesy http//www.visitsouthall.co.uk/Local_Info/southall_tourist_map.php(Mentioned map give an idea of the famous landmark locations of Southall and visible that a diverse range of option is unattached to enjoy and experience here)Music and Films Media played a well versed role for the popularity of Southall, Many Indo-British movies were setup here as shooting and script locations some of them are Hindi film Jhoom Barabar Jhoom, internationally applauded movies Bend It Like Beckham and Bride and Prejudice. Couple of long time back a famous Hindi movie has been made on Southall football club named as Goal. Not only movies but number of Punjabi music videos has been shot here and a lot of famous personalities from Indian cinema and Indian music industry accommodate themselves here. A local community radio station is serving Southall named Westside 89.6 FM and autho renegade by OfCom towards community- based radio services.Film Studio One of the earliest British film studios Southall Studios played a historic role in British film-making from its creation in 1924 to its closure in 1959. In 1936 a give notice destroyed the studio but it was re make and enlarged. Several movies featuring well-known actors, plus an early TV series (Colonel March of Scotland Yard) were made at the studios together with TV and cinema adverts. (Web resources)Industrial Establishments During the research, it has been strand that there were many persons who made their halt-to doe with as population of Southall. Otto Monsted, a Danish margarine producer, built a large factory at Southall in 1894. The factory also had its own railway sidings and branch canal. The Maypole Dairy Company was later acquired by jimmy Brothers who, as part of the international Unilever Company, changed the site to a Walls Sausages factory which produced sausages and other meat products until the late 1970s.Business Factor Qua ker Oats (later part of Pepsi co) built a factory in Southall in 1936. Which later on interpreted by Spillers and Big Gear group. Engineering goods, paint, sugar puffs and food mould factories are the main business developed here. (Web resources)These were some of the examples from its brief history which made an impact for their large businesses, till this date Southall provide a positive atmosphere for the businesses to grow, one of them is due to availability of the workforce form eastern countries.Mentioned are some of the major sources of attraction and brief historical events related to this place. Southall can simply provide an astonishing experience to the visitors. various range of activities and people makes it asunder from Londons main stream touristry. Southall provides a untouchable example for Creative Tourism as it offers many valuable and unique experiences to the visitors.Market Segmentation Target MarketAs we have discussed that Southall provides a religiousl y enrich experience especially to Hindu and Sikh community and number of visitors are from this market segmentation (Based on special community services).Some visitors are from London region who wants to have a glimpse of Little India due to their special interests or eagerness. Shopping for some Indian items e.g. clothes, food items, entertainment sources, food and grocery products etc. also attract people from around as they are not easily available in other parts of city.Market segmentation is a indispensable part of any tourism destination study asSegmentation groups tourists into segments based on similar characteristics. Targeting chooses from among these segments the one or more that are most likely to respond positively to a promotional subject matter (Kolb, 2006 103)Target Market and Market ResearchAbove definition from Kolb define the need of classification of the different target markets according to their characteristics and I ascertained from couple of visits about the market segments who comes to this place, mainly they areFamilies- Parents with their children for shopping and vacant and to enjoy an atmosphere which relates them to their native hood.Individual Youngsters- who are involve in some part of industries and Southall Broadway (as part of work or to meet friends).Old age people from Asian (Indian Pakistani) heathenity- for the purpose of their regular or by the bye visit to religious places.Societies of specialist interests- mainly these societies are from cultural perspectives who visit for their special interests.Shoppers- Mainly females who are interested in Asian ethnic clothing or fashion.Domestic tourists- from Asian ethnicity, who are travelling to UK or London have their interest to visit this famous (among them) place or to meet family or friends or due to publicity created by media (Films and music)These are some of the major categories of visitors who choose Southall as their destination for various reasons as applicab le. Doing a market research is necessary due to the vulnerability of tourism andThe more an organisation knows about its customers and prospective customers their unavoidably and desires, their attitudes and behaviour- the better it entrust be able to design and is required to stimulate their purchasing decisions. (Middleton with Clarke, 2001)same(p) categories are the perspective Target Markets and it can be enhanced more by implementation of accurate market research and tourism marketing. gain ground in next part of this case study I would like to present the appropriate communication conjecture mix and distribution channels. Which are currently, used for promotions of Southall and to attract visitors. parleys Mix and Distribution ChannelsI have accessed a few websites available online for info on Southall and for current activities personnel casualty on here but sad part is this place is no where suitably accessed in detail on the web, whereas on the other transcend I ca nt find appropriate printed materials (flyers or brochures) as well. This is the advert point which strikes my listen that why this place is not so famous in other communities or London visitors and narrowed only to the local communities living here.Present Promotional MaterialsI observed that word to address is the only active part of promotions happening for this place by local communities and this is the major reason why rest of the people are staying apart to access this unique destination. Why websites are not playing a valuable role. When searched in detail, I found that few websites which are available are not actually attracting any new breed of visitors and not many promotions are available on the air.WEBSITES-Few websites I have mentioned below are the only available sources to get information (which are also not satisfying the requirement of a visitor) and I try to give a brief synopsis about what information they reserve and what is lacking as an appropriate first s ource of knowledgehttp//southallpride.wordpress.com/ This website is more like a blog site, where no information about the place is provided, although this site boasts of a community help provider but it focuses only on the events and news going on in the certain part. I observed about currently ongoing issues in Southall by this site and some of them were interesting e.g. Drug peddling in Southall, Protest from the local residents against councils support regarding excessive number of gambling and drinking places. I see these types of websites are more informative to the local people or persons with unique(predicate) interests, but to a tourist.This website can be used as a successful channel as it contains local community perspective and helps to inform residents regarding the hot-issues around. If publicised and regenerated with vast amount of information on positive qualities as well, it can play a major role in victimization of Southall as a tourist place to visitors from a ll communities.http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southall Wikipedia is a well known website to access basic information about anything or place, but in my opinion this is also not of much interest towards visitors revolution in Southall. Wikipedia is containing huge amount of information on history, basic culture or characteristics, but if a higher level of information is required, it business leader be an adversity as it is not a reliable or trusted source of information the reason is anyone can update or edit the information hence authenticity of the data is a question.My personal opinion towards this website is not very supportive but still when no other sources are available, at least this websites provides preliminary information.http//www.visitsouthall.co.uk/ Visit Southall is another website with less information. This website is more of an advertisement website than a visitors informative resource. On the porta home page there are number of small adverts from local businesses and a very short note describes Southall. Other relative tie in takes through the different options e.g. businesses, hotels, shopping, restaurants etc. some of them are useful and some not. This website is more like a local directory with address and phone poesy mentioned on it by various business links. This website, as the link says Visit Southall can be a medium for providing all sort of information and visual material to attract more visitors. But as this website is seedy made it is of not much use. It requires a complete makeover and can be very successful if different contents like pictures, visual graphics, music or other attractive mediums added to it. Further it requires publicity upon various companionable networking websites or advertisement through various other media channels.Thereafter I tried to focus on the future prospective in terms of marketing elements to be used in promoting Southall as a distinctive place for visitors from all over.I believe that by now th is musical composition has justified the uniqueness of Southall and also provided a sense of experience one can get by visiting. Being diverse and such culturally enriched, still there are many factors and drawbacks which stopped it to grow and cave in to the visitors checklist. In further portion of this report I would like to suggest few elements of communications mix to support from marketing point of view.Communication MixThere are certain requirements for marketing. If Southall needs to improve and rise up as a tourism destination, it is necessary to implement mentioned elements stigmatizationIts the process of communicating the visitor the image of the destination, along with features, benefits it has to offer (Kolb, 2006, 219)In my opinion every successful destination has its brand and it actually run the number of visitors. Branding helps to clarify the destinations personality and more effectively branding works as a powerful tool on peoples mind and gives to its visito r a sense of speciality.But question arise what are the tools to be used as branding? In brief they be of slogans, logos, icons and imagery. It is essential that these tools mustiness represent a theme and relates to the destination. In case of Southall, it has number of events and festivals which can be easily used as a tool of branding events and can be subservient for its popularity.the key to creating a brand is to be able to choose a name, logo, symbol, package design, or other attribute that identifies a product and distinguishes it from others (Hem and Iversen, 2004)Along with branding Southall requires gauzy level of advertising, as after creating a brand it has to spread out to point of contact with future visitors or potential consumers.Advertising is without a doubt a biggest tool for promotion, whether product is tangible or intangible. In terms of popularity, Southall definitely require an advertising policy in which diversified culture, colourful atmosphere, delici ous food and many other specialities can be promoted as unique experiences.Advertising is a tool which contains perfect communications mix for promotion, and it can reach out to mass rather than personal selling or one to one traffic. Although each tool have its own limitations and restrictions, but in my opinion Southall can become schoolmaster destination by the help of appropriate branding and advertising. Advertising has various characteristics and it can influence mentioned categoriesPersuade new customers (Visitors) for product (Destination)Keep bonding with existing customersSpread awareness among mass populationKeeps increasing the composition for the productCan be used through various mediums at once (TV, Media, Posters, Web Adverts etc.)Influential and less time consuming in comparison to personal relationsFurther Advertising can be studied and distributed, as it should represent awareness, interest, goal or desire (outcome of advertising) must be decided and action to be made according to conditions demand. This theory is defined as AIDA Awareness, Interest, Desire and Action.Employing Advertising with Southall Mentioned are the few serious key points by advertising. I am not denying the use of other communications mix but according to the situation and positioning of Southall, I strongly believe that Advertising and Branding will help at major levels. Although some more techniques like personal selling, public relations or sales support etc. can also be added and implement all together but feasibly these other techniques or tools can be employed by the success or failure of a single tool.Reflection/ConclusionLondon is a vast city which accommodates numerous culture and people by personal experience, I can say that this is one of the most diversified cities in the world. If we look at Londons own personal selling and destination marketing, London has made a mark and is a perfect example for the rest of the world. London has proven a tremendous success when it comes for branding a city. This must be a reason why London has got such diversified areas and destinations at heart its own territory. London seems to be a small continent with such vast contrast and variety in between its own people and places.Southall, which grew up and categorised itself as a specific community location, needs special attention. Even if we apart Asian communitys colours, still it has got many other interests and attractions. When we add both diverse cultural experience with its elegance it creates a different level experience for its visitors.It consists of many characteristics and attractions, which is a perfect work of enrich distinctiveness. Future target markets and research we have discussed to get an overview in advance implementation of any marketing planning.How websites or other media are helpful and in which areas they are lacking behind, we have observe from few examples.What attract people and how to reach out to distinctive and ne w consumers we argued in the later part.I believe that Southall is representing an important part of diverse London. Although it has been misinterpret by people and other communities but it has got a potential to be an iconic and one of the must visit places.By my observations and research I found that there is some lacking of appropriate marketing approach towards its popularity. If council, snobby organisations and communities of this place support each other, Southall can be added in undivided parts of Londons famous places.

Creation And Purpose Of The Articles Of Confederation History Essay

Creation And Purpose Of The Articles Of union History Essay by and by colonies accepted their independence from enceinte Britain, each enunciate was different from each other(a) and had its fuck off form of political sympathies. So, it was undeni satisfactory for a study political relation to flux them, in case of every dis chargees that threaten the nation as a whole like the Revolutionary War. Because, the colonies were also unfit to face any problems it faced on as its own independent nation.The Articles of union was able-bodied to form a loose confederation of join States and deal with come let out of the closetside(prenominal) disputes as an entire nation. In essence, it was the first national government for the United States. But, the ideas of having a national government were around a long measure ago. Eventu all in ally during July 1775, he submitted a brand vernal call for the Articles of fusion, besides no drafts were written up until 1776. At last, it became ratified by all 13 states in 1781. (146)Weaknesses of and Problems with the Articles of ConfederationAlthough the Articles of Confederation had the ability to bring the states in concert under iodine form of government, it later soon was introduced to galore(postnominal) problems because of how wonky it was. Such as, carnal knowledge did non have the power to dish out taxes. A big problem had arisen. There was an inability to raise silver prevented Congress from paying for an army. Threats could possibly be imposed a catchst our nation because Congress could not provide national defense.In addition, there was no port to carry out treaties, which made external affairs painfully consent to since other cipherries became unsatisfied their treaty wasnt taken in action by the states. Congress couldnt cut down trade constrainions or stop states from issuing their own standard form of m unmatchedy, so the country was really able to imbibe where they were economically. It couldnt protect property the right ways, there was no power over state governments, and was dependent on whether states wanted to be involved. Articles of Confederation proved to be in addition weak, so it had either to be rewritten temperament or have a virginly thought of personality in total.(175)Achievements and Successes Under the Articles of ConfederationAlthough, Articles of Confederation soon proved to be unfit or downhearted in strength, it did have some achievements and ups for training an army to fight. This helped garner international view of the United States as being an independent nation of the world. subsequently the Revolutionary War, one of the most of import things of the Articles of Confederation was passing the northwestern United States Ordinance of 1787. This created a blueprint on how a territory could get down an actual state slavery became banned in the Northwest Territory, and speech land to provide for education.Before it was proved to be to o weak, the Articles of Confederation also established an ideal central government for the colonies that was not a dictatorship. Many of the colonists fe atomic number 18d a powerful national government, the Articles created a very weak, national government, which permitted each state to become much more independent and makes decisions on its own. In Congress, every state received equal representation, disregarding its creation. This prevented one state from receiving more votes than others, so every state received one vote. (172)Shays RebellionA downfall in the economy had occurred, which was created by the emit in security of the Articles of Confederation targeted paltry farmers the hardest, ca exploitation many an(prenominal) poor farmers to lose everything. Unhappy with their unpaid dues and the new taxes imposed on them, a farmer by the name of Daniel Shays led a rebellion of 1,200 farmers to kvetch in January 1787. This became to be known as Shays Rebellion.Abiding by the Articles of Confederation the Congress couldnt even build upon to put an end to the protest, because most of the protesters were originator soldiers of the military itself. The state army was the only army who could try to put it down. This convinced many government officials that a stronger national government was necessary for a last country and that the Articles of Confederation proved to be too weak. A stronger government was needed not only to be able to put down such protests, however to prevent the national ferment that slowly led up to the upbringing of this rebellion that happened known as Shays Rebellion. (170)Key Delegates to the shapingal radiation diagram and their ContributionsAfter Shays Rebellion proved how the helplessness of the Articles of Confederation was obviously shown, 55 delegates from all twelve states excluding Rhode Island grouped unitedly in the Philadelphia Convention to revise the Articles of Confederation. However, they made the decision to com pletely play a trick on out the Articles of Confederation and began forming a new framework for the administration. most of the many key delegates at this convention were throng capital of Wisconsin, George stonemason, George Washington, Alexander Hamilton, and Benjamin Franklin. Some of the names of lesser known, but just as important delegates were James Wilson, Roger Sherman, William Paterson, Oliver Ellsworth Edmund, etc. Each of these delegates played an important role in forming a new character. George Washington was elected in president of the convention, and James Madison was the main author Constitution and Virginia Plan.William Paterson was the one who thought of and created the idea of the impudently Jersey Plan and Roger Sherman and Oliver Ellsworth combined the Virginia and New Jersey Plan into forming the Great Compromise. Roger Sherman and James Wilson also created the 3/5ths Compromise. Although the Bill of Rights was not added right away, George Mason is the ma in author of the Bill of Rights. The contributions of ideas these men made at the Philadelphia Convention played an important role in the formation of the United States, where their ideas are still remain relevant in the Constitution. (223)Purpose of the ConstitutionIn essence, the reason of the Constitution was able to take the ramble of the nations weak government under the Articles of Confederation with a much stronger, national government that could stupefy the problems of the entire country caused by the Articles that had an impact on all states. The Constitution gave the national government new powers that it did not have before to remark stability and order in the country. Some of these powers include imposing taxes, livelihood money, having control over the states, putting treaties into action, controlling commerce, providing defense for the borders of the United States, and guarding rights. every(prenominal) of these powers were nonexistent in the Articles of Confedera tion, which kept the country remain unified.Under the Constitution, the national government could build upon foreign affairs, fund money through taxes, issue a standard currency, prevent uprisings by having money to pay the army, and restrict a recession by maintaining economic power over the states. This demonstrates how important the Constitution was to the United States development. It solved many problems in the United States that would intrust the nation into crashing into the ground under the Articles of Confederation, bait it strengthened the nation as a whole. (194)Key Issues and Compromises Regarding the ConstitutionNumerous important issues taken place during the Constitutional Convention like the Virginia Plan and New Jersey Plan. After long debate, the Great Compromise was created where the House of Reps would be based on proportional representation of each state, and the Senate has equal representation for each state. other important problem was whether to have slaves count as part of the population for representation. This issue was solved by the Three-Fifths Compromise, which said that every five enslaved persons would count as lead free men.This meant that each slave would be counted as three-fifths of a person. These arguments showed to be very important in Americas business relationship, where the Three-Fifths Compromise, where the South back up the idea because they wanted a bigger population .While, the North fence it. This gave an indication early on of how the country was foreshadowing the beginning to apportion itself and its opposing views points. On the contrary, these compromises in this convention showed the countrys willingness to agree on problems at hand so that they could try to find compromises, instead of always flake stubbornly for what they wanted. They did what was needed for the entire nation. (233)Organization and Structure of the New regime Under the ConstitutionUnder the rule of the Constitution, there was now a national government that the ability to efficiently run the nation. Despite the gain of power, the Constitution also limited federal power by having the three subsectiones of government legislative, judicial, and executive. Separating the governments power into three branches and creating a system of checks and balances, every branch of government would limit the power of the other branches. With these limits on each other, not one branch could become more powerful than the other. Also, power was carve up between the national and state governments because of federalism. This controlled the power of the national government.Therefore, the power of federalism and sep. of powers, many checks were placed on the national government to limit it and prevent it from receiving too much power. The creation of the Constitution was very necessary in the history of America that still did not absorb all the power. (166)Debates about Ratifying the Constitution and how the Constitution was Actuall y RatifiedFor the Constitution to take effect, nine out of the thirteen meaning 9/13 states had to agree or fix the Constitution. At first, this was a hard feat to achieve because the Constitution was not liked by many since different states had things to say.. Even the Federalists said that it wasnt the most perfect form of government, but was the best form of government the delegates could consider of. There was a lot of arguing over problems that the delegates were debating themselves at the convention. pack were arguing about the three-fifths compromise and ending slave trade, which increased vexation between the North and the South.In addition, they argued that there was no Bill of Rights where the government would protect the rights of the citizens. The Federalists were at last able to gain followers for the Constitution after they said they would follow up with a Bill of Rights right after ratification. After, two thirds of the colonies agreed to it. Finally, all 13 colo nies agreed with the Constitution. . The ratification of the Constitution and the arguments for it shows how the American people came up with compromises for their problems. Instead of opposing highroad another and being closed minded, they are open to solutions and compromises. (240)Best puzzle out of GovernmentUltimately, the Constitution is the best form of government over the Articles of Confederation. The Constitution changes the defects of the Articles of Confederation and even goes further to fix it. The ability to tax was exceedingly important to parotic the nation from recessions and using a national currency. In addition, the Constitution included inalienable rights. Then, there is separation of powers which where power is equally divided among the branches.Meanwhile, the Articles of the Confederation had only the Confederation Congress which has nobody else regulated it. The new system that has been established is much more clear than the Articles of Confederation.. T he clarity of the new system makes sure that everything is seen and fair before it is passed. It would take a long duration of or must go through more judicial decision to pass. However, it isnt as hard as passing a law using the Articles of Confederation where you need to have all of the states unanimously agree. (162)

Parental Risk Factors And Child Maltreatment Social Work Essay

P arntal Risk Factors And electric shaver Maltreatment Social Work EssayIt is staggering to know that thousands of infantren be maltreated in ways that are detrimental to their developmental and psychological growth. Widespread concern about the issue was initially triggered in the sixties to raise awareness of the plight of the battered electric shaver. Research has recognised many dangeriness and nurtureive federal agents commonly associated with boor do by. This essay will dish up with the enate riskiness factors and will take into account the measures that afford resistance against them.Some forms of barbarian ill-treatment are think to enate efficiency due to age, temperament or a personal history with youngster hatred. However, a good deal of exclaim and neglect is linked to sources of mental strain where marital conflicts, domestic violence, and the omit of a st adapted social lucre play signifi send wordt causal roles. Having said that, no single fac tor flowerpot be definitive in determining risk and so they require simultaneous consideration. Despite the causes, family protective factors can reduce contumely rates by promoting positive parent- boor relationships, encouraging extended family support and by building parental resilience.When addressing the question of discussion, knowledge of the risk and protective factors involve in pincer mistreatment can minimise risk. By recognising the complex fundamental interaction of factors that affect susceptibility to maltreatment, professionals can implement programmes specifically designed to protect children at risk. Therefore take ining the causes of maltreatment is crucial to pr change surfaceting the problem.Child maltreatment is a complex and pervasive problem that cuts across all sectors of society, where even defining the term ensues in an inherent complication. During the 1960s, the growing prevalence of treat children bring to the introduction of the term battered child syndrome. This term, seen as a narrowly defined, was broadened so as not to simply infer to natural abuse. In 1997, the World Health Organisation drafted a definition of child maltreatment to encompass both mad and physical injury still also negligent treatment.Risk factors are characteristics where certain behaviours or conditions will likely play a contri neverthelessory role in child mistreatment. Although close to are not direct causes, circumstances in which these factors survive coerce a child highly vulnerable to experiencing maltreatment. However, there are also factors that offer a protective effect which mediate against risk and therefore can increase the social welfare of children and families.When determining risk in familial child maltreatment, it is necessary to examine the role of the parent as he is often the direct perpetrator. Temperament is significant when trying to understand why parents abuse their children. Influence of an individuals psychologica l potentiality on parental process can be found in investigations of mentally pallid adults. Baldwin, Cole and Baldwin (1982) have revealed that families with a parent suffering from a psycho disorder were less interactive and exhibited less warmth than families without. Mental disease can distort a parents judgement to a point where he is no longer competent to make decisions about a childs needs. virile evidence implicating psychological factors in the etiology of child maltreatment derives from reports of intergeneration cycles of abuse (Spinetta and Rigler, 1972 Sherrod, et al., 1986). Parents who were dupes of child mistreatment themselves gives rise to the common perception that being a victim is a determinant for turning into an abuser, yet there is a lack of substantial evidence. Undoubtedly, a history of abuse is a considerable risk factor alone merely child maltreatment is determined by a complex interaction of rick and protective factors factors which differentiate amidst repeaters and non-repeaters.Notwithstanding, parents who were mistreated as children are less likely to become victimisers if they judge internal conflicts related to that history of abuse. To further reduce risks, it is also outstanding if parents have a supportive spouse and good social supports (Hunter and Kisltrom, 1979).However, adults who were spurned as children become emotionally insulated from interpersonal relations and are unable to give affection or form a close alignment with their children (Kempe and Kempe, 1978). This returns attention to the psychiatric make up of the individual abuser and shows how be causal factors are.Competent parenting can also be associated with psychological due date another determinant of maltreatment. Therefore, age serves as a indication of due date and parental aptitude as young mothers may posses less suitable child-rearing attitudes than older mothers. Having said that, age also accounts for poor or wide of the mark pare nting skills as teen-parents will lack the fundamental understanding of a childs needs. Having unrealistic expectations about a childs progress may culminate in impertinent punishments where conclusive studies presented by Straus (1992), and Flanagan et al., (1995), report that teenage mothers tend to exhibit high(prenominal) rates of child abuse.Protective factors aimed at minimising these risks should support parents with their child-rearing skills and teach subtile parenting techniques. By providing parent education classes for new and especially for teen parents can inform them about normal child development and what to expect from their children at specific ages. Yet, this protective factor is not well-suited for all as some parents may be reluctant to attend parent-group meetings.Social conditions create stresses that soften family functioning where specific situations may exacerbate certain emotions of the family members affected. Hostility and foiling can resultantly ag gravate the level of familial maltreatment.Marital relationships serve as a principle support system for parents and so conflicts can beset child maltreatment. Family dissolution can burden an individual and research indicates that children spiritedness with single-parents may be at a higher risk of experiencing abuse and neglect than children with two biological parents (Finkelhor, et al., 1997). The sole burden of family responsibilities linked unitedly with fewer supports can contri neverthelesse to the risk of single-parents mistreating their child.Children in angry homes who feel intimate partner violence are subsequently at risk for being maltreated themselves. Appel and Holden (1998) have found that spousal abuse and child maltreatment co-exist in 30-60% of families. Even if children are not maltreated, they still beget harmful emotional consequences as witnessing violence teaches likewise behaviour or warrants it as appropriate and the child may resort to using violent action later in life. This draws attention back to the victim to wrongdoer hypothesis.In addition to a family system, interpersonal relations, between relatives and friends are inborn when considering risks. Parents who are isolated with few social connections are at higher risk for maltreating their children. Hetherington, Cox and Cox (1977) have found that the support authorized from significant others exert a beneficial impact on parent-child relations. This selective information shows how a stable social network is positively linked with parents sense impression of competence in the care-giving role and evidently can lessen maltreatment rates. But its not merely about having several social connections but the quality of them as-well.It is interesting however that in these cases of support, the mediating role of the parents psychological well-being is pivotal. Marital relations do not regularise parenting directly but instead promote positive attitudes in an individual and thereby influence parenting capabilities (Gamble and Belsky, 1984). Similarly, social relations may serve to enhance the psychological functioning of the parent. Sources of stress and support thus strongly affect parental competence, as although unfavourable relations contribute to the etiology of abuse, the quality of the relationship is influenced by personality correspondingly, they produce bi-directional affects.Parental substance abuse, is also predictive of child maltreatment when daily stresses of raising children prove challenging especially when accompanied with multiple life stressors such as an history of abuse or marital conflicts. Substance misuse interferes with mental functioning and subsequently make parents less available to children, as Forrester (2000) confirms that substance abuse is strongly related to neglect. It may also explain some of the attachment difficulties that can occur, since water-loving development requires parental responsiveness to the needs of a child. Being elate can again negatively influence parental discipline choices and lead to violent tendencies towards a child. Simultaneously, these risk factors can affect a parents capacity to cope effectively but by reaching out to a support system can help build resilience against nerve-wracking circumstances.The interactive play of risk and protective factors provoke familial child maltreatment but it can be prevented regardless. Early identification of causes and outlining the compensatory factors can lead to effective interventions to protect the child involved. Helfer and Kempe (1976) have argued that preventing child abuse entails predicting its occurrence. Therefore, it is clear that professionals need awareness of the several factors that create contexts for maltreatment so that intervention programmes employ a multi-sectoral approach.By acknowledging the factors, intervention strategies can be implemented to minimise the underlying risks encourage reaching out to fam ily and friends, but also to strengthen the protective factors advanced prenatal care and home-visitor networks (Halperin, 1979 Parke Collmer, 1975). Moreover, when enforcing intervention strategies, the treatment of parents should be coordinated to that of children as the potentials for change in parent-child relationships and parental attitudes is maximised (Olds, 1983).However, risk factors have limitations in predicting specific instances of abuse as the determinants in one family may not necessarily result in child maltreatment in another. Furthermore, an individual may not have the emotional resources to cope adequately with the demands of parenting and so intervention must be able to address these implications. Additionally, extensive evaluations need to be conducted to ascertain the effectiveness of short-change and long-term intervention programmes.

What Is Healthy Lifestyle Physical Education Essay

What Is vigorous Lifestyle Physical Education try outHealthy lifestyle, which nitty-gritty honorable physical and mental health, whitethorn be ace of the treasures that ein truthone is chasing. AIA Singapore to daymagazine announced findings of the AIA Healthy Living powerfulness Survey which show that al close all Singaporeans agree healthy bread and butter is important. However, citizens living in the modern society may not headliner a healthy lifestyle, be experience people might be stuck with heavy piddle and pressure. The poor take in provender, sedentary fit out and lack of rest instanter result in the unhealthy condition. Seriously, the unhealthy lifestyle may cause disease and mortality. Understanding healthy lifestyle is urgent.What is healthy lifestyle?Healthy lifestyle is the way of living which keep mans health in a total condition. A healthy lifestyle always consists of a good diet, adequate function and sufficient choice rest.1. A good dietEating healthi ly does not mean to inspiration strict measurement nutrition every day, to stay unrealistically thin, or to separate you from preferred food. A good diet consists of healthy drinking diet and saping diet. A health corporation called Mayo Clinic (2012) said the adequate water supply intake for a healthy man is roughly 2.2 liters per day which is ut or so to a greater extent than 7 bottles. Water washstand be carrier of the chemic materials in our bodies. If you do not intake enough water, your body leave alone not hold out out the particular functions and easily result in tiredness. According to Pandalache (2012) healthy eating is having food feeling great, having a great deal energy, stabilising your mood, and keeping yourself as healthy as possible.2. Adequate crop f atomic number 18 can be an important and functional tool ranging from releasing striving and depression to preventing disease and strengthening bodies. Healthy get along habit means proper amount and tim e. Research news from Roberts (2010) suggests that 15 transactions exercise a day can boost life expectancy by three years and cut death risk by 14%. Heavy exercise may not benefit your body. According to look into (Bumgardner, 2012) on lung function, body rhythms, temperature, and hormone levels, the best time to exercise is close to 6 pm. If you can keep a normal exercise habit every day, healthy body is not far away.3. Sufficient quality rest.Chasing health lifestyle, healthy eternal resting is one of the most essential factors. mostly speaking, sleeping is a process for our nerve and body to recover. According to an term (Smith, Robinson Segal, 2012), keeping a regular sleep schedule and eating in effect(p) and getting exercise can easily give you a mettle nigh quality sleep. Adults should sleep at least 6 hours a day to keep body getting enough rest.Keeping healthy take lots of knowledge. atomic number 18 the people educated well healthier? We carry out a seek to fin d the lifestyle of undergrads at subject area University of Singapore (NUS).2. MethodologyThe referenceers were divided into 6 groups which were in charge of divergent faculties. Each group went to a particular faculty and selected respondents randomly. Respondents included 103 undergraduate-student volunteers, some of whom are attending the exchange courses in NUS. Initially, the participants were requested to complete a questionnaire (appendix 1). Afterwards, they were interviewed a few questions and finally all the data were collected together and analyzed.Here is the information of respondentsAnd the relevant questionnaire is attached in the Appendix 1.3. Results and give-and-takeThe purpose of this enquiry is to find how healthy NUS undergraduates are. As a healthy lifestyle is determined by dietary habits, exercise routines and rest patterns, the delineate impart introduce the results in three parts.3.1 Dietary habitsOur data active drinking water are as fol lower-ran king elaborate 3.1.1 How galore(postnominal) bottles of water do you drink every day? (250ml per bottle)Figure 3.1.2 how very much do you eat breakfast?Figure 3.1.1 shows the response to the question How some(prenominal) a(prenominal) bottles of water do you drink every day? (250ml per bottle) As we can see, only 9.71% of the respondents said that they drank to a greater extent than 7 bottles. In contrast, 90.29% said less(prenominal) than 7 bottles. This latter finding (percentage) is alarming especially nearly fractional chose less than 4 bottles. According to Mayo Clinic (2012), the adequate water intake for a healthy man is roughly 2.2 liters per day which is far more than 7 bottles. Water is the base of life, and it can be carrier of the chemical substance materials in our bodies. Additionally, when you do not intake enough water, your body will not carry out the particular functions and easily result in tiredness. Hence, there are engagey to be better persuading undergra duates to drink more water.The table 3.1.2 shows the results of the question How lots do you eat breakfast? The tug on the very left indicates that 9 out of 103 interviewers neer eat breakfast. In contrast, the very right column shows that nearly 37% respondents confine breakfast very regularly. It can be seen from the column that most respondents chose the mass medium extent. University undergraduates might often surrounded by various tasks, ranging from presentation to research report. The heavy assignments may contribute to the irregular breakfast. Particularly, maybe the engineer students are blessed with the heaviest use, fewest engineer undergraduates have breakfast regularly. In addition, breakfast provided the energy for the whole morning hence, undergraduates exact to consume breakfast more regularly.3.2 Exercise routinesOur data about exercise time are as follow in figure 3.2.1Figure 3.2.1 what time do you often exercise?Figure 3.2.2 how often do you exercise every workweek?The subject of this table Figure 3.2.1 is the time when do the graduates exercise mostly. And Figure 3.2.2 shows the response of the frequency of exercise. As we can see, around 45.63% of the respondents exercise at 300-900pm. However, there still exists several students chose morning or belatedly at darkness. Also the gram shows 51.46% of the interviewees said they exercise once a week or less than that. It can be seen in general, NUS undergraduates exercise between 300 pm to 900, as the arrangement of the lectures may contribute to this. Probably because the compulsory courses may usually arranged in the morning or at noon, and the respondents may be free in the evening. Luckily, this might be one of the causes of graduates healthy exercise habit, as harmonize to scientific research, doing exercise in this period may benefit most of people. However, the frequency may be alarming, as according to BBC news (Roberts, 2010), exercise 15 minutes every day is minimum for hea lth. Again, the heavy work work may contribute to this frustrating frequency. To conclude, there is a need for NUS undergraduates to exercise more.3.3 Sleep patternsOur data about sleep are as followFigure 3.3 do you often wake up during the night? If yes, how umteen propagation do you wake up from sleep on ordinary?From figure 3.3, we can see that the data are presented in descending order, with the highest number listed at the very left column and the last number listed at the very right column. More than 65% respondents never woke up and the rest mainly chose woke up 1-2 times. These findings is extremely satisfying, especially most undergraduates never woke up which means high sleeping quality. Again, the heavy work may contribute to the high sleeping quality, as NUS students generally sleep late with tired body and easily to fall asleep. Scientifically (Smith, Robinson Segal, 2012), most everyone wakes up at night, but few can remember ulterior unless people with mental disease. Hence, the NUS undergraduates sleeping quality is extreme high.4. ConclusionIn conclusion, the results of this exact provide some amazing insights into the healthy lifestyle of NUS undergraduate students, including the diet, exercise and sleeping. Contrary to what we predicted, the undergraduates may not be so healthy. though the academic work is important, heath is much more essential. On the new(prenominal) hand, if one is taking a long test or working(a) long hours at a tedious task that requires strong body, one may be break down without healthy body. The mixed results of this study suggest that undergraduates should concentrate more on their health.5. ReferenceAIA. (2011). Despite low Healthy Living Index score, Singaporeans desire remains strong for a better quality of life for themselves and their families AIA Healthy Living Index stack also shows Singaporeans believe companies should play a bigger role in helping their employees lead healthier lives Retrieved No vember 13, 2012, from http//www.aia.com.sg/en/resources/cf07bb004afd24878492d4fe179089c3/AIA_healthy_living_index_ play along_findings_sg.pdfMayo Clinic. (2012). Water How much should you drink every day? Retrieved November 13, 2012, from http//www.mayoclinic.com/health/water/NU00283Pandalache, A.(2012). HEALTHY eating WHAT IS IT? Retrieved November 13, 2012, from http//collegetimes.ie/healthy-eating-what-is-it/Roberts, M. (2011). 15-minute daily exercise is bare minimum for health. Retrieved November 13, 2012, from http//www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-14526853Bumgardner, W. (2012). The Best eon of Day to Walk andExercise. Retrieved November 13, 2012, from http//walking.about.com/cs/beginners/a/besttime.htmSmith, M., Robinson, L. Segal, R. (2012). How to Sleep Better TIPS FOR acquire A GOOD NIGHTS SLEEP. Retrieved November 13, 2012, from http//www.helpguide.org/life/sleep_tips.htm6. AppendixAppendix 1The interview questionnaireSurvey on Lifestyle of NUS UndergraduatesWe are pre-matri culation students in the SM2 program (NUS) doing our research project as partial fulfillment of our English module. The objective of the survey is to gather information on the lifestyles of NUS undergraduates.(Please circle the correct options)Faculty __________________ sexual urge M / FNationality Singaporean / Others __________________ Race Chinese/Malay/Indian/others _____________Year 1st / 2nd / 3rd / 4thHow long do your meals usually last? (tick the appropriate box)BreakfastLunchDinnerless(prenominal) than 20 min20 to 40 min40 to 60 minMore than 60 minHow much water do you drink every day? (assume a bottle = 250 ml)Less than 4 bottles4 to 7 bottlesMore than 7 bottlesDo you eat the pursuit meals every day? (you may circle as many as apply)Breakfastbetween breakfast and lunchLunchAfternoon afternoon teaDinnerFood taken late at nightAre you regular in eating your breakfast?Never eat it 1 2 3 4 5 Very regularMostly, what time do you exercise in a day?4a.m.10a.m.10a.m.3p.m.3p.m.9 p.m.9p.m.12p.m.Others. When is it?____________How long do you exercise each time on average?Less than 15 minutes15-30 minutes30-90 minutesMore than 90 minutesHow many times do you do sports every week?A. 0 1 timeB. 2 4 timesC. 5 7 timesD. More than 7 timesWhich group of sports do you prefer? assort A Walking, Jogging, Skating, Swimming, Cycling, Taiji, Body Mechanics convention B Racing, Weightlifting, Muscle Training, farsighted Jump High Jump, Basketball, Soccer, Tennis, almost all kinds of oppositional movementsgreatly prefer Group A12345Greatly Prefer Group BHow much of your day do you drip sitting? 11. Do you often wake up during the night? If yes, how many times do you wake up from sleep on average?A. I never wake up during the night.B. screening up 1-2 times.C. Wake up 3-4 times.D. More than 4 times.How much time do you need to fall asleep?A. less than 7 minutesB. 7 -30 minutesC. 30-60 minutesD. more than an hour13. Do you play with computer or your cellphone in bed before sleeping?A. everydayB. very often but not everydayC. sometimesD. seldom or neverThank you very much for your participation

columbia :: essays research papers

I would love to visit capital of South Carolina, but I would not like to harp thither. I wouldnt essential to live there because must of Columbia is poverty. angiotensin-converting enzyme US dollar would enough 2,504.24. So, that means there capital isnt worth a lot. There literacy rate is 91% so they are educated. I would love to visit Colombia because Shakira was born there and she is genuinely hot. I also want to experience a different culture.One ground I will never live in Colombia is because close of it is poverty. Population below poverty line is 55%. Maybe thats wherefore they have drug cartel. One of the major drugs coming from there is cocaine. So the poor people have nothing to lose and everything to gain. One argue I would love to live there is because if you too $125,000 US dollars that would equal $62,606,000 Colombian pesos. So you would be rich over there. With that assortment of specie you could buy a mansion and impress a lot of attractive women. One re ason I would love to visit Colombia is they have sincerely good coffee. Also Shakira was native there so that means there are more beautiful women over there. I also want to learn whatever Colombian boxing or other kind of fighting. So that I could have experience when I join UFDC (Ultimate fighting Championship). Its no holds bared fighting, I wold also like to consequence a picture in front of Shakiras old house.The last reason I want to go visit Colombia is I want to sop up in a different culture. Not so much the righteousness part, but their way of living. I would also love to eat some of their native foods. I want to dress like them because they look cockeyed in the clothes, but they always have a smile on their face. While Im there why not halt some Colombian rum in use, right. I wouldnt understanding boxing and making money to pay for the rum Ill be drinking.

Cocaine :: Illegal Drugs Narcotics Papers

CocaineCocaine is a drug derived from the riff of the Erytroxylon cocoa bush, which grows primarily in Peru and Bolivia. Cocaine also known as coke, C, snow, flake, nose candy, blow, or crack is generally sold on the road as a hydrochloride salt( a water-soluble salt). Cocaine is a fine, washcloth crystalline powder often diluted with similar-looking substances such as talcum powder, sugar, or amphetamines. The powder can be snorted into the nostrils, also may be rubbed onto the mucous linings of the mouth, rectum, or vagina. To experience cocaines effects quickly, and to heighten their intensity, drug users roughlytimes thaw it in water and injects into a vein. The drug may be have in a purified form through a water yell (freebassing) or in a concentrated form (crack) shaped into pellets or rocks and placed in special smoking gear. Despite todays abuse of the passing addictive drug, cocaine was intended for medical purposes. Pure cocaine was scratch extracted and identifie d by the German chemist Albert Niemann in the mid-19thcentury, and was introduced as a tonic/elixir in patent medicines to treat a human body of real or imagined illnesses. Later, it was used as a local anaesthetic(a) for eye, ear, and throat surgery and continues today to have limited use in surgery. Cocaine is a powerful central nervous system input signal that heightens alertness and provides intense feelings of pleasure. Because of its potent euphoric and energizing effects, mevery stack in the juvenile 19th century took cocaine, even though some physicians recognized that users quickly became dependent. In the 1880s, the psychiatrist Sigmund Freud created a sensation with a series of papers praising cocaine=s potential to recover depression, alcoholism, and morphine addiction. Skepticism soon replaced this excitement, however, when documented reports of fatal cocaine poisoning, alarming mental disturbances, and cocaine addiction began to circulate. In 1902, ninety two p ct of all cocaine sold in major cities in the coupled States was in the form of an ingredient in tonics and potions available from local pharmacies. In 1911, the Canadian government legally restricted cocaine use, and its popularity decreased. The 1920s and thirty-something saw a decline in its use, especially after amphetamines became soft available. Cocaine=s popular return beginning in the late 1960s, coincided with the decreased use of amphetamines.Along with the feelings of pleasure comes negative effects. The effects of any drug depend on the amounts taken at one time, the user=s past drug experience, the manner in which the drug is taken, and the pile under which the drug is taken.

Cold War Vs. United States :: essays research papers

Cold warf ar vs. get together StatesThe Cold War ended in 1991 after the Soviet Union fell apart. Since then,Russias thriftiness paralyzed, and the United States is three trillion dollars indebt, and both counties were weakened by the Cold War because of armed services outgo. To need world peace does non mean that United States should increaseits military strength. The Realist theory would argue that military strength isimportant to maintain peace both domestically and internationally. flush thoughthe United States as the only superpower remains in certain perspective, the U.Scan non be the peace keeper for the unanimous globe and every state on it.First of all, there are more than two hundred sovereign states in thewhole world, and to have world peace requires every sovereign states effort notonly the United States but also every other states. A erect example was thecoalition ferocity led by the United States nether UN command which defeated Iraqsinvasion army in Kuwait city in 1991. But the United States still respectedIraqs sovereignty downstairs international rules. That was probably the reason whyPresident Bush did not order the U.S army to invade Iraq after the U.S ledcoalition force expelled Iraqs force in Kuwait. Another example would be whenIraqs government massacred gigabyte of ethic minority Kurds when the Kurdsrebelled against Iraq government in northern Iraq. The United States did not doa lot to help the Kurds because United States and the rest of the countries almost the world recognized Iraq as a sovereign state in the internationalcommunity even though that United States had a openhanded military presence in thePersian gul f area during that time.to a greater extent and more, non goverment organizations also play very importantroles in world peace. Since 1945, the United Nations, a non governmentorganization, has helped to bring cease-fire agreements to numerous hot floating policyaround the globe in place like Cambodia or the Mi d-East. respective(prenominal) persons alsoplay important roles in world peace. Such as former President Jimmy Carter, whohelped negotiate the peace agreement that restored the popular electedPresident Aristide back to his office in Haiti and avoided a take up militaryconfrontation between the United States and the Haitis military government inthe last minute.Secondly, the cold war made former Soviet Unions flow to white butalso put the United States three trillion dollars in debt, and the debt is goingup too. According to the IRS, the United States government is spending fifteenpercent of gross annual revenue just stipendiary off the interest of the threetrillions deficits in 1996 (3).

Interpreting the Meaning of Private :: Definition Essays

Interpreting the Meaning of Private hearing the word private, one could think of infinite meanings and uses. Some people think, for their avow safety, certain people should not be private. Others believe it is their human objurgate to have privacy, because it defines oneself. The dictionary-defined term of private has had subtle changes through the past ccc years. In the past three years, the definition of private in the US has changed to very little meaning, granting an even more important reason to specify the true definition.The pre-9/11 definitions never limit privacy to certain concourses or people, and they never seem to grant more privacy to other people. In 1634, the OED defined private as not open to the public limit for privilege persons. The focus of this definition is the exclusive proficients to view or act with an object. As time passed, in 1913, the meaning grew to personal property (Websters). more than property everyday became private, as people feared a l arge political sympathies controlling their lives. A current definition includes seclusion from sight, presence or intrusion of others and focuses on a lack of knowledge of under privileged people (AHD, 2000).Lately, the government has been passing radical laws violating many peoples privacy rights. The USA PATRIOT flake and the USA PATRIOT ACT II critically injure many of the definitions of private. Through the acts, people residing in the United States can have meetings tapped, their personal property searched without knowledge, and followed/harassed in spite of appearance the confines of their own home. To many people, the word private brings forth a view of secrecy or personal belongings. Bathrooms and locker rooms, attorneys and their clients, to name a couple, are hoped to be private by most people. Privacy does not depend on the person, as privacy is a human right everyone should be granted. In Fahrenheit 9/11, Michael Moore shows a peace group who had an undercover agent infiltrate them, violating their privacy. The group was not criminals, and had not been strand guilty of anything, yet big brother decided these peoples rights should be limited.With the passing of these laws, privacy is decreasing. People may wonder what would behavior be without privacy? No walls in the bathroom, shared locker rooms, records of who you talked to and nigh what, not to mention trying to build a legal defence force if charged with a crime. How could one defend him/herself against an accusation if there could be no planning involved?

Intertial Confinement Fusion Essay -- Nuclear

Missing FiguresINERTIAL task FUSION1. Introduction / BeginningsIn the 1940s during the development of nuclear explosives, theinertial confinement approach to unification was born. Weaponsresearchers determined that by use of juicy energy sources, such as thefission reaction, light nuclei could be fused, thereof creating intense fusionenergy. Scientists in the controlled fusion camp also recognise that tightcompression of fuel pellets could increase the fusion reaction set outwhich is proportional to fuel density. (Robert A. Gross, jointureEnergy, tender York John Wiley and Sons, 295)Scientists were, at this stage, nerve-racking to discover a mechanism whichcould compress a light-nucleus fuel. The invention of game military group lasersencouraged the inertial-confinement camp. The radiation from thelaser heats a fuel pellet, and as the plasma from the pellet rapidly expands,a momentum reaction sends compressive waves inward,overlap on the pellets core. The energy in the cor e causes the ignitionof the pellet. The common zest is to obtain a thermonuclearenergy yield that exceeds the energy which is needfulto heat and compress the solid before the pellet explodeshence the come upon inertial confinement. Some of the early research in thissubject was do by Nuckolls and Kidder of the Livermore Laboratory,and Bosov and Krokhin of the Kurchatov Institute in theUSSR. (Gross, 295)Since these great efforts, the scientific community has consideredinertial-confinement fusion to be the top alternate method for controlledthermonuclear fusion. The most presumptive containment, ofcourse, is magnetic confinement fusion. Tokamak Fusion TestReactor (TFTR) in Princeton, New Jersey is argueably the premierma... ...died however, the heavy-ion accelerators show much promise in its niggling time of consideration. Laser light coupling and laser efficiencies pay backbeen a problem for laser-driven designs. Ion-driven deviceshave problems of their own, particularly in foc using to the required powerdensity. (Dean, 75) The HYBALL-II project as well as other ICFprojects today have easily surpassed the yields of the early ICFreactors (SOLASE). In the big picture, however, one should keep in mindthat magnetic-confinement devices show much more promise atthis point. deeds CitedDean, Stephen O., (ed.). Prospects for Fusion Power. New York PergamonPress, 1981.Gross, Robert A. Fusion Energy. New York John Wiley and Sons,1984.Velarde, Guillermo, et. al, (ed.). Nuclear Fusion by Inertial ConfinementA Comprehensive Treatise. Boca Raton CRC Press, 1993.

Loneliness Essay -- Journalistic Essays

To be lonely is an easy thing, beingness alone(predicate) is another matter entirely. To visualise this, first one must understand the difference between bleakness and being alone. To be alone representation that your atomic number 18 not in the company of anyone else. You are one. But loneliness can happen anytime, anywhere. You can be lonely in a crowd, lonely with friends, lonely with family. You can even be lonely man with loved ones. For feeling lonely, is in essence a feeling of being alone. As thought you were one and you feel as though you go forth always be that way. Loneliness can be one of the around destructive feelings humans are capable of feeling. For loneliness can will to depression, suicide, and even to raging out and hurting friends and/or strangers. The second major(ip) problem with loneliness is that it can be a very nasty feeling to lose, especially if it has already progressed into depression. There are, of course, drug therapies, but unles s the problems are hormonal or chemical in nature, they will not run the purpose of treating the longer term problem. The proper treatment of ...

Analyzing the Effects of Educational Structure of Vietnam on the Greate

Analyzing the Effects of educational Structures and Opportunities of Vietnam on the Greater SocietyAbstract Education attainment is the highest train of formal education a person achieves at heart a effrontery night club. With education there argon more opportunities, including a better measuring stick of upkeep. Vietnam is a developing country that sees the benefits of higher education, but due to morphologic problems, students and administration are dealt with many pressures to overcome. This paper uses structural theories of Weber and Parsons to study the current situations in Vietnam. By using public publications and personal interviews, inferences are made about the future development of the country.ANALYZING THE EFFECTS OF THE EDUCATIONAL organize OF VIETNAM ON THE GREATER SOCIETYHope is important because it can consider the present moment less difficult to bear. If we believe that tomorrow pull up stakes be better, we can bear a hardship today.- Thch Nht Hnh,This q uote spoken by Thch Nht Hnh, a religious scholar, Buddhist monk and activist from Vietnam represents the aspiration to arouse a better life that all people seek. This message, while short, before long represents the attitudes of many individuals coming from impoverished or developing countries. Generally from a sociological perspective, aspiration profoundly influences people to achieve.The Socialist Republic of Vietnam is a Southeast Asian nation on the brinks of social development within both public and private sectors. The country which is noted for its single party communist agenda with French civil statute influences, it has re-opened western statesmanship in the last two decades since the Vietnam War. The summer of 2010 marked Vietnams fifteenth ann... ...the abilities for individuals to make decisions accordingly. In particular, family units may influence big decisions, such as what university or college to enter and what a child should choose as a major. Of course, var ious family units may have varying demands on members, depending on living conditions. This topic will be further discussed later in this paper.In society, there is what sociologists call life chances. Max Weber developed this terminal figure and it refers to the opportunities available for a given person within a society (Anderson and Howard 2009). As indicated in our introduction, this often reflects particular stratification of an individual. This also correlates with how individuals act within society as an institution. Perhaps, life chances could be grouped with the fitting function with students using the resources that are presented to them.

Eugene ONeills Long Days Journey into Night Essay -- Long Days Jou

Eugene ONeills Long solar days Journey into NightAs the defile descends around the Tyr adepts summer home, another fog falls on the family within. This fog is that of substance abuse, in which each of the four main characters of Eugene ONeills play, Long Days Journey into Night prospect by the end of arrange IV. Long Days Journey into Night is a metaphoric representation of the path from normalcy to demise by cover the general effects of substance abuse on human psychology and family dysfunctions through the characters Mary, Jamie, Edmund and Tyrone. Mary Tyrone builds the transition most clearly throughout the inviolate play. In Act I, her hands move restlessly, and she seems to be quite nervous. When she appears in Act II one notices no change except that she appears to be less nervous, but then one becomes aw are that her eyes are brighter and there is a peculiar detachment in her voice and trend (ONeill 58). These subtle signs of her relapse back to chemical dependency continue until the utmost scene, where she is most obviously under the influences of a chemical substance. The morphine seems to make her reminiscent of the past. In Act III, she talked about her two childhood dreams of bonnie a concert pianist or a nun. By Act IV, she has dragged her old wedding dress from the attic and attempted to play the lenient again. This presents a psychological reasoning for her relapses. She considers herself to be growing old and ugly, and lots refers to the how she was at one time young and beautiful. To her, the iniquity of the hands is the ugliness of what she has become over the last twenty-five years, which is why she uses the pain of the rheumatism in them as her reason for the morphine (Chabrowe 181). Thus, it can be tally that at one time she used the morphine to escape pain, and when she completed that it made her feel youthful again she became addicted.Her failure to desist is in any case connected with her interfamily relationships. Wh en she was accused of relapsing she said, It would serve all of you right if it was true up (ONeill 47) This suggests that she is seeking justification to continue her drug addiction by utilize her familys suspicions as a reason to relapse (Bloom 163). Not single are her actions influenced by her family, but they also influence the men, namely Edmund. He is quite aware of his diminishing health, and suspects that he ... ...with a sense of what the succeeding(a) holds for the Tyrone family, the book tends to be repetitive. Thus, one can assume that the play label one day, one relapse for Mary, one trip for Jamie to the whorehouse, one more drink Edmund takes to forget the past, and one more drink that Tyrone takes to help himself cope. Yet, it go away not be the first, or the last. It will be just one more. Night will journey into morning and it will all advance again. Such is tragedy.Works CitedAmerican Lung Association. Who Gets It. Tuberculosis (TB.) On-line. Internet. 1 March 2001. Available <a href=http//www.lungusa.org/diseases/lungtb.html>http//www.lungusa.org/diseases/lungtb.htmlChabrowe, Leonard. Rituals and Pathos The Theatre of ONeill. Twentieth-Century literary Criticism.Bloom, Steven F. Empty Bottles, Empty Dreams ONeills Use of Drinking and drunkenness in Long Days Journey Into Night. Critical Essays on Eugene ONeill. 1984 ed.Collins, R. Lorraine, Kenneth E. Leonard, and John S. Searles. Alcohol and the Family. New York, London The Guilford Press, 1974.Hinden, Michael. Long Days Journey into Night Native Eloquence. Boston Twane Publishers, 1990.

Comparing the Moral Superiority of Grendel and Frankenstein :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

Comparing the Moral transcendence of Grendel and Frankenstein Seeking friends, they found enemies seeking hope, they found hate. Social outcasts simply indispensability to get as the rest of us live. Often, in our prejudice of their kind, we toss out them from our elite familiarity. Regardless of our personal perspective, society judges who is acceptable and who is not. just about of the greatest people of all time have been socially unacceptable. train Gogh found comfort except in his art, and with a adult female who consistently denied his passion. Edgar Allen Poe was considered different - to say the least. These great men, as healthful as Grendel and Frankenstein, do not fit into society. Also like these men, Grendel and Frankenstein are uniquely superior to the rest of mankind. Their superiority is seen through their guile to live in a society that ostracizes their kind, their true heroism in place of societys romantic view, and the ignorance on which societys opini on of them is formed. Grendel, though he needs to kill to do so, functions very well in his own sphere. Grendel survives in a unlike climate where he is hated and feared by all. He lives in a cave protected by firesnakes so as to physically, as well as spiritually, separate himself from the society that detests, yet admires, him. Grendel is the brute existent by which humankind learns to define itself(Gardner 73). Hrothgars thanes continually try to extinguish Grendels infernal rage, while he simply wishes to live in harmony with them. Like Grendel, Frankenstein also learns to live in a society that despises his kind. Frankenstein also must kill, but this is only in response to the peoples abhorrence of him. Ironically, the very doctor who bore him flat searches the globe seeking Frankensteins destruction. Even the ever-loving paternal figure now turns onward from this outcast from society. Frankenstein journeys to the far reaches of the world to escape from the societal ills that cause society to hate him. He ventures to the harshest, most desolate, most uninhabitable place know to man, the north pole. He lives in isolation, in the cold sufferance of the arctic glaciers. Still, Dr. Frankenstein follows, pushing his creation to the edge of the world, hoping he would fall off, never to be seen or heard from again. Frankenstein flees from his father until the Doctors death, where Frankenstein joins his father in the perpetual, silent acceptance of death.

Total Quality Management Essay -- GCSE Business Marketing Coursework E

Total Quality ManagementThe emergence of the global food market takes that a company act on a global exceed to be competitive. Competing on this level requires that a company provide a superior point of intersection and superior service. Companies desiring to achieve international quality positioning now have a manufacturing, quality control, and documentation standard in which to strive. ISO 9000 is the implemented international work out management baseline for which all participate organizations give adhere. Standardization appears to be the key to survival in todays domesticated and international marketplace. Consumers and businesses alike gather up the assurances that the products they purchase from one company ar equal in quality to the product they purchase from another. Consumers also demand that every product they purchase from a particular company tuck the same specifications as the next. The key to developing this uniformity of standards and quality among and deep down companies is to establish a set of closely monitored procedures to be followed by all. The counseling on the ISO 9000 and ISO 9001 standard is not on manufactured products, but the process implemented to achieve that product. By certifying a manufacturing and documentation process with the geneva based International Organization for Standardization, registered companies have realized a striking decline in customer complaints and significant reductions in operating costs. This is repayable to the required certification process. By successfully completing the ISO 9000-registration process, companies can localize and correct processes that ar costly and un fatty. This is simply good for business. Additionally, ISO 9000 registered companies, critical of their ISO registered product, demand that their suppliers be ISO 9000 registered.The ISO 9000 series consist of v standards that fall into two categories. The five standards are ISO 9000-1, ISO 9001, ISO 9002 , ISO 9003, and ISO 9000-4. The two categories provide for contractual situations and non-contractual situations. Contractual elements (ISO 9001, ISO 9002, and IO 9003) have been veritable for external quality assurance. Meeting these standards indicate to a customer that a companys quality assurance program is capable of providing a quality product or service. Non-contractual elements, ISO 9000-1 and ISO 9004-1, used as gui... ...ocess are not what were intended. Employee involvement is crucial. As a process is implemented company wide, employee at all levels leave behind be effected. Their confidence in management and belief that the process will improve all aspects of their position is required if they are to be productive and play a part in the implementation process.Standardization is requisite in todays global marketplace. Consumers demand better quality products and the assurances that these products are closely supported. The standardization of processes and sy stems is necessary if patience is to meet the consumers requirements. Developing uniformity among industry is necessary to developing this higher quality standard. Companies not responding to this trend are subject to lost revenues and business failure to their ISO 9000 compliant counterparts. ReferencesLarson, J. (1999, April 21). ISO certification not just for majors. Arizona Republic, p. E2.Peach, Robert W. (1997). The ISO 9000 handbook. New York McGraw-Hill(1999). The NASA ISO 9000 home page Online. Available http//iso9000.nasa.gov/(1999). encounter to ISO easy Online. Available http//www.isoeasy.org/

Communication Accomodation Theory Essay -- Communication

The Communication Accommodation Theory states when plenty interact they change their speech to fit in or accommodate for other(a). CAT describes the psychological, social, and linguistic behaviors that people exhibit when communicating with each other (Coupland, Coupland, Giles, Henwood, 1988). Each soul has his or her own psycheality and motivation when involved in a conversation, this attribute are reflected in how the individual speaks, listens and then responds to the other person involved in the conversation. According to this theory, conference between two people can at any time be adjusted by either party in response to actual, perceived, or stereotyped expectations of the other person (Coupland, et al., 1988). This means that either party can change their communication style based on what they feel or pick up on during the conversation. The CAT theory can help understand how adult male interact with one another while communicating. CAT is based on the premise th at speakers and listeners unconsciously and mutually modify their linguistic (e.g., language choice, vocabulary) and/or paralinguistic (e.g., dialect, tone of voice, speech rate) behaviors to become more similar to (convergence) or diametric from (divergence) their interactional partners (Giles, Mulac, Bradac, & Johnson, 1987). Convergence strategies signal interactants positive attitudes toward each other, such as increasing attractiveness and approval or showing solidarity, whereas divergence strategies try differences between interactants (Giles et al., 1987). CAT is based on the idea that people with inadvertently modify their language to become more similar or from the person they are communicating with. Convergence usually occurs when the sp... ....), Language and social psychology. (pp.45-65)Hordila - Vatamanescu, E., & Pana, A. (2010). The performance of the Communication Accommodation Theory to Virtual Communities A Preliminary seek on the Online Identities. Interna tional Journal Of Interdisciplinary amicable Sciences, 5(4), 279-290.Jones, E., Gallois, C., Callan, V., & Barker, M. (1999). Strategies of accommodation growth of a coding system for conversational interaction. Journal of Language andSocial Psychology, 18(2), 123-152.Krippendorff, Klaus (2004). Content analysis An introduction to its methodology. Thousand Oaks, CA Sage.Myers, P., Giles, H., Reid, S. A., & Nabi, R. L. (2008). Law Enforcement Encounters The effects of Officer Accommodativeness and Crime Severity on Interpersonal Attributions are negociate by Intergroup Sensitivity. Communication Studies, 59(4), 291-305.