Critical Appraisal Of Fraser Et Al Nursing Essay

Critical Appraisal Of Fraser Et Al Nursing EssayThis appointee will critically appraise the claim conducted by Fraser et al (2006) quick with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease insiders statuss. The take away shows how very frightening chronic obstructive pneumonic illness repairs the persons career. This appraisal will critical surveil the research process conducted by the authors. This will include the sampling methods, ethics, the entropy collection methods and the analysis of the entropy. The limitations of the study will be discussed along with the industriousness to nursing practice.The qualification and credentials of the authors be cited deep d feature the name. According to Siviter (2008) the authors of this article are suit equal to(p) as they are both experienced within clinical practice and academically. This reiterates the authors credibility.ABSTRACT AND LIT REVEIWThe title appears to give a clear indication of the research aim and objectives. The article provides an insiders perspective of transaction with COPD. The abstract according to Parahoo (2006) is a short summary of the study which allows the proof reader to decide if this article is of any reference to them. The abstract should contain a short background, the aim of the study, the method in which the study was undertaken and the findings which the researchers found. This is clearly shown in the Fraser et al (2006) article. The abstract in which Fraser et al (2006) utilize was informative, kept the reader held by the information presented and was able to allow the reader to choose the article from the abstract.The literature reviewed by the authors shows in depth research to get to an apprehensiveness of the topic and the literature engagementd shows a broad timeline of articles used. The authors show how they used older studies but were backed up by more up to date studies.ETHICSIn order to conduct the study Fraser et al (2006) had the research study approved by the sponsoring university and the hospital institutional review boards. Griffiths (2006) has shown that ethical committees are there to protect both the participant and the researcher. When the participants were contacted most victorious part in the study consent was gained for converses to take menage by telephone. The article does not state whether written consent was obtained. Parahoo (2006) states that as much information must be given to participants to allow them to hold the decision and within the article the researchers sates that information was given when the participants were first approached. Fraser et al (2006) state that anonymity was kept by using pseudonyms as interviews were transcribed verbatim en authoritatived confidentiality was kept by the interview tapes and transcripts creation anonymous and not having the participants name on them. By pseudonyms being used this kept in unity to the confidentiality policies expressed by The Nursing tocology Counci l (2008). In accordance to ethical protocol all participants have the right to withdraw from the study at any time without having their treatment discontinued.METHODOLOGYThe research perspective in which the authors used was a soft study which allowed the authors to gain a face-to-face view from the participants. By using a qualitative appraoach this allows personal experiences and thoughts to be expressed, whereas a quantitative research approach is based on numbers and statistics to explain information (Brooker and Waugh 2007). By using Hermeneutic phenomenology the authors were able to gain an understanding of the human race experiences. Moule and Goodman (2009) show that Hermeneutic phenomenology is an understanding of human experiences and it allows opinions and thoughts to be portrayed without being dismissed. Fraser et al (2006) express that having trust between the researcher and the participant is important and Moule and Goodman (2009) agree.SAMPLINGThe study universe wa s move from caseload of forbearings attending the respiratory clinic. The target population was drawn from a goal-directed sample and this was 10 long-sufferings. The characteristics of the sample were similar.The participants were over the age of 55, English as their first language, living at seat and able to openly verbalise rough their experiences of living with chronic obstructive pneumonic infirmity. These participants were similarly categorised as these variables were the inclusion criteria. The category of very severe COPD was based on the Gold framework (2003). The group of participants were recruited by the involvement of being in the hospitals case management or by being in the pulmonary reformation programme. The potential participants were telephoned and asked if they would like to take part in the study. originally the patients were approved the authors gained ethical approval from their local ethics committee. Although the sample coat could be regarded as small this is acceptable in a qualitative study. Parahoo (2006) states that a large group of participants is not always motivatinged as this research study is an in-depth approach trying to obtain rich data. Blackler et al (2004) states that by using a small sample size, rich data would be obtained.DATA COLLECTIONFraser et al (2006) collected data in 2003 and interviews were completed. Reference PIS sheet. The interviews were semi-structured which allowed the participants to express their thoughts without having yes or no questions. The interviews were conducted within the participants home or at the hospitals pulmonary rehabilitation unit. The advantage of the interviews being conducted in the participants home allows the participant to relax and talk more freely. According to McDonald (2009) participants feel more in their own home and knowing their surroundings. The disadvantage of conducting the interviews in the participants own home includes people knocking on the door, the p hone ringing and family or pets to look after. The advantage of conducting the interviews in the pulmonary rehabilitation unit allows the interview not to be disturbed. The disadvantage of the interviews being conducted in the pulmonary rehabilitation unit are, participants may have travel problems and may find it tall(prenominal) to get to the unit. Another disadvantage may be that the interview taking place in a hospital setting is too egg for the participant. All the interviews were recorded on audiotape. Consent would have to of been obtained for this. It is clearly verbalise in the article that consent was obtained. Lanoe (2002) states that the interference of white upset could affect the recordings, and if the interviews took place in the hospital setting then the white noise would be trim down. Once the tapes have been transcribed per verbatim, both recordings and transcripts will be locked in a secure unit until they are to be analysed. after(prenominal) all the data h as been analysed to maintain rigour they will be destroyed. (Data auspices Act 1998).DATA ANAYLISThe authors used Colaizzis (1978) method. This method involves 7 go for the researchers to follow. The steps in order are 1. Reading the transcripts to gain an understanding of the participants experiences. 2. development phrases to describe the experiences of living with severe COPD. 3. Deciphering meanings for phrases used. 4. Sorting meanings into themes. 5. Comparing themes with phrases. 6. Describing themes founds in the transcripts. 7. viewing the participants the results of the interviews. Since two independent researchers analysed the data, discussed the data and were then able to identify the themes present. devil out of the ten participants had their data shown to them to review the information and make sure it was correct. These two participants who reviewed their data showed there was no difference in the participants and researchers evaluation. deep down the findings t he authors together stated the three main themes and in the article participants quotes have been used.Fraser et al (2006) reported their findings and came to the conclusion that there were three main themes. These themes are Knowing What Works, Hanging On Barely and Losing Control Gaining Control. The article explains these themes and with the use of participants dialogue allows the reader to have an understanding of the situation. Fraser et al (2006) displayed the three themes vividly by having them as sub sections. These show the reader that the next component part of article is specifically about that theme and that it is going to be explained in detail. As the approach is qualitative Fraser et al (2006) have displayed the use narratives and quotes from the participants. Ryan et al (2007) state that the findings should relate to what has been already found. Within this article the findings have already been displayed and explained within the article. By showing whole tone thr oughout the article Astin (2002) says this tail end show trustworthiness and by using quotes from the participants allows the readers to see the information taken.LIMITATIONS OF THE considerThe limitations within this study include having participants who are willing to talk about their experience of living with the disease, being conducted within the southern United States of the States and participants had to be diagnosed with Very Severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Fraser et al (2006) stated these limitations within the article along with participants having no cognitive impairment. The researchers also state how this is a very small sample of the overall population who suffer with the disease. It is also stated that a general population of sufferers of the disease in the United States of America is unknown.Fraser et al (2006) have shown throughout this study that nursing staff are able to give a wear standard of care to patients who suffer with this disease. This i s due to nursing staff being able to have a better understanding of the impact this disease has on patients. By the nursing staff and patients working together the set up of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease potty be slenderised and this in turn back lead to patients having a better quality of life. As stated by Fraser et al (2006) the effect that the nurse and the patient can work through together include dyspnoea. The nurse can cooperate manage this symptom with the patient by using inhalers to help relieve stress or by preparing the oxygen for the patient. The Nursing and Midwifery Council (2008) state that it is the nurses responsibility to uphold and deliver the best care to the patient with best practice and evidence which is available.To conclude this article has expressed the need to have an understanding of a participant who suffers from the disease. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a disease which not only can reduce the life span of a participant but one which can reduce the quality of life. This is a problem which will one sidereal day be reduced to give the participant a better life with a better understanding of the disease.