Discussing and comparing the Tyler model

Discussing and comparing the Tyler idealIn this essay I ordain be discussing and comparing the Tyler beat and Knowles model for Adult Learners. This rear be seen in section whizz where the comparison and contrasting of the two models forget be realised in order to get a better dread. In section two I bequeath choose sensation of the two models that argon most appropriate for a attain handst context. The conclusion give consist of a summary of the key points established throughout this paper.Section OneTyler was very more(prenominal) than linked with curriculum theory, development, educational assessment and evaluation. In education individuals regard Tyler as the father of behavioural objectives. This form of approach puts much more importance on the needs of the learner. There be similarities amidst Tylers and that of the andragogical model as they both relate specifically to the individuals self direction and their experience. Tyler regularly used this in informati on to be a development during which an individual realizes new patterns of behaviour. He had four basic questions regarding to acquireWhat educational purposes should the school seek to attain?What educational experiences can be showd that are likely to attain these purposes?How can these educational experiences be effectively organized?How can we determine whether these purposes are beingness win? (Boone, pp.26)The previous questions are now well known in handsome education. Knowledge of the psychology of learning helps set bounds on what can be learned within the given time and the menstruum environment of the organization (Boone. Pp. 26). Tyler thought that the makeup of a schools curriculum had to relate to three main factors that together form the elements of an individuals education experience. First off would be the nature of the individual learner, which may include the individuals developmental factors, their learner interests/needs and also their life experiences. Second would involve the individuals determine and aims of lodge, which may include comforts and attitudes. The last being knowledge of the subject matter. What the learner believes to be worthy and usable knowledge. In tell the four questions and in designing learning experience for students, curriculum developers had to establish judgments through the three factors. He believed that when setting educational objectives, programmers should take into consideration the learners, society, philosophical considerations within the institution conducting the program, the intellectual climate of society and experts in the subject (Bye Reich, pp. 181). The assumptions of this model are that all learning can be measured in terms of changing behaviours.One of the most frequently offered criticisms of programs of professional preparation by graduates who subsequently be the real world of practice is that such programs are strong on theory but ill-outlined on practical application (Brookf ield, pp. 201). Knowles is regarded as a central figure in US adult education in the second half of the twentieth century. The programming model is structured on his andragogical philosophy, where one assumes that adults move toward self-direction. By doing this use their experience as a learning imaging, then are arrange to learn in accordance with socio-developmental tasks and desire immediate application of learning. Knowles believes that the adult learner brings life experiences to learning, incorporating and complementing the cognitive abilities of Piagets adolescent. As the individual matureshis/her self-concept moves from dependency to self-directionhe/she accumulates a growing reservoir of experiences that becomes a resource for learninghis/her learning readiness becomes increasingly oriented to the tasks of various social roleshis/her time perspective changes from one of postponed knowledge application to immediate applicationhis/her orientation to learning shifts from su bject-centered to problem-centered (http//honolulu.hawaii.edu/intranet/committees/FacDevCom/guidebk/teachtip/knowles.htm )Knowles believes that adults should have developed mature understanding of themselves, able to understand their needs, motivations, interests and goals. Individuals should be able to look at themselves objectively and maturely. They should accept themselves and respect themselves for what they are, succession striving to become better. Adult learners should develop an attitude of acceptance, love, and respect toward others. This is the attitude on which all human beings relations depend. They must learn to distinguish between people and ideas, and to challenge ideas without threatening people. Ideally, this attitude will go beyond acceptance, love, and respect, to empathy and the sincere desire to help others. Knowles was convinced that adults learned differently to children and that this provided the basis for a distinctive field of enquiry. His earlier work o n informal adult education had highlighted some elements of influence and setting (http//www.infed.org/thinkers/et-knowl.htm ). In doing this Knowles cam to the conclusions about the shape and direction of adult education. According to Knowles andragogy model the key points areAdults move towards self-directionAdults use experience as a learning resourceAdults are entrap to learn in accordance with socio developmental tasksAdults devise immediate application of learning (Bye Reich 2003, p182)The two models are very different to one another when compared. Tylers objective model requires no prior knowledge of the issue being taught whilst Knowles institutional model requires some prior knowledge from the adult learner. This prior knowledge helps motivates the learning to participate more in the learning help which results to further /advances in knowledge of the topic being taught. The learner is seen as an empty vessel in Tylers model. The individual is more dependent on the tea cher in learning new things within the learning environment. This is entirely opposite to Knowles model, as the learner seeks egress in knowledge.Section TwoMy goal in this section is to apply Tylers model with TAFEs Business focus course. Central to Tylers model is effectively organizing the learning activities. He believes in three criterias that are required in building organized learning experiences. These are continuity, sequence and integration. Business Management mirrors Tylers model by creating prompt learning experiences in a content area that is otherwise put together boring. Having identified a look of learning activities, the teacher challenges students in active learning with writing assignments, group presentations, group quizzes, a write financial project, individual and group participation and a final exam. The process of assessment is critical to Tylers model and begins with the objectives of the educational program. The lecturer will be required to establish the point of the assessment by answering questions such as what is the purpose of this assessment, what do you want it for? With an online syllabus, students can prepare for the various methods of assessment. Mid semester evaluations provide valuable feedback on learning activities. A final evaluation of 2009 present important feedback for course revision. As a result, the following semester group learning activities were increased from 10% to 40% of the course content. Other feedback found that students desire for more review time and that the instructions progressed too quickly. Due to time limitations, the lecturer combine additional non-graded assignments as group presentations. By doing this the curriculum and instruction assessment helped better achieve the defined outcomes of improving critical thinking, communication and analytical skills. A final exam also helps evaluate the learning objectives and integration of knowledge. Tyler and TAFEs Business Management have compara ble strategies for designing curriculum and instruction. Tyler states, Education is a process of changing the behaviour patterns of people. TAFE uses assessments to achieve the defined learning objectives and promotes participation from individuals through interesting activities. They both value the individual learner.ConclusionEducation either functions as an instrument which is used to facilitate the integration of generations into the system of logic of the present system and bring about conformity to it, or it becomes the practice of freedom, the means by which men and women deal critically and creatively with reality and discover how to participate in the transformation of their world (Freire, educational activity of the Oppressed, 1970) By using a combination of adult learner techniques and strategies, educators can create training experiences that will enhance the learning of participants. When an individual is put into positive learning experience that follows andragogy pr ocess that has been presented above, they are more likely to retain what they have learned and apply it in their work environment.